芋
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Translingual
Han character
芋 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿一木 (TMD) or 難廿一木 (XTMD), four-corner 44401, composition ⿱艹于)
Derived characters
- 𭇻, 𰱕, 𧋪, 𮐆
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1018, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30670
- Dae Jaweon: page 1476, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3174, character 3
- Unihan data for U+828B
Chinese
| trad. | 芋 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 芋 | |
| alternative forms | 芌 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 侉 | *qaːls |
| 夸 | *kʰʷraː |
| 姱 | *kʰʷraː |
| 胯 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 跨 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 誇 | *kʰʷraː |
| 垮 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 銙 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 骻 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 咵 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 釫 | *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː |
| 摦 | *ɡʷraːs |
| 鮬 | *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː |
| 嶀 | *qʰʷl'aː |
| 扝 | *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː |
| 刳 | *kʰʷaː |
| 郀 | *kʰʷaː |
| 挎 | *kʰʷaː |
| 袴 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 絝 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 褲 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 恗 | *qʰaː |
| 洿 | *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː |
| 瓠 | *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs |
| 鄠 | *ɢʷlaːʔ |
| 污 | *qʷaː, *qʷaːs |
| 杇 | *qʷaː |
| 圬 | *qʷaː |
| 鴮 | *qʷaː |
| 盓 | *qʷaː |
| 汙 | *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa |
| 樗 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 摴 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 荂 | *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa |
| 雩 | *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla |
| 吁 | *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 盱 | *qʰʷa |
| 訏 | *qʰʷa |
| 扜 | *qʰʷa, *qʷa |
| 旴 | *qʰʷa |
| 冔 | *qʰʷaʔ |
| 紆 | *qʷa |
| 陓 | *qʷa |
| 迂 | *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa |
| 虶 | *qʷa |
| 于 | *ɢʷa |
| 盂 | *ɢʷa |
| 竽 | *ɢʷa |
| 邘 | *ɢʷa |
| 玗 | *ɢʷa |
| 芋 | *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 杅 | *ɢʷa |
| 釪 | *ɢʷa |
| 骬 | *ɢʷa |
| 謣 | *ɢʷla |
| 宇 | *ɢʷaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) – taro.
Etymology 1
Unclear. Shuowen suggests that the word arises from the startling size of the taro, leading Kai Xu to connect it to 吁 (OC *qʰʷa), which is the sound that one makes when one is startled. However, this seems to be folk etymology.
Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *wouH (“taro”), Burmese ဝ (wa., “elephant foot yam”), Tibetan གྲོ་མ (gro ma, “Argentina anserina (syn. Potentilla anserina), a plant with small edible tubers”). There are various theories on how all these words are related:
- Schuessler (2007) considers it to be an areal word, comparing it to the Hmong-Mien and Burmese words. Schuessler (2015) does not consider the Tibetan word to be cognate.
- Blench (2012) suggests that the Chinese word is borrowed from Proto-Hmong-Mien and that the Burmese word may be a late loan from Old Chinese.
- STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-rwa (“taro; yam; tuber”), whence the Tibetan word. This etymon is regarded as allofamically related this word and 薯 (OC *djas).
- Gong Hwang-cherng (2002) and Baxter and Sagart (2017) also suggest that this word is related to the Tibetan word.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): y5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): y3
- Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̄
- Eastern Min (BUC): uô
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ou5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): y5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yù
- Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yù
- Wade–Giles: yü4
- Yale: yù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yu4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: y
- Sinological IPA (key): /y²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wu6
- Yale: wuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: wu6
- Guangdong Romanization: wu6
- Sinological IPA (key): /wuː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: vu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /vu²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vu
- Hakka Romanization System: vu
- Hagfa Pinyim: vu4
- Sinological IPA: /vu⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: vu˖
- Sinological IPA: /vu³³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: vu4
- Sinological IPA: /ʋu⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ou5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ō
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɔu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ou5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɔu²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ō͘
- Tâi-lô: ōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: o
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ɔ³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ɔ⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /ɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ǒ͘
- Tâi-lô: ǒo
- IPA (Lukang): /ɔ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ū
- Tâi-lô: ū
- Phofsit Daibuun: u
- IPA (Quanzhou): /u⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /u²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /u³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ī
- Tâi-lô: ī
- Phofsit Daibuun: i
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /i²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore, Philippines)
Note:
- ō͘/ǒ͘ - vernacular;
- ū/ī - literary.
- Middle Chinese: hjuH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷ(r)a-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷas/
Definitions
芋
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 芋頭 (“taro”) [map]
Compounds
- 凍芋 / 冻芋
- 君子芋
- 土芋
- 姑婆芋 (gūpóyù)
- 姜芋
- 山芋 (shānyù)
- 山芋荷
- 岷下芋
- 彩葉芋 / 彩叶芋
- 栗芋
- 水芋仔
- 洋芋 (yángyù)
- 洋芋片 (yángyùpiàn)
- 海芋
- 烏芋 / 乌芋 (wūyù)
- 煨芋
- 燙手山芋 / 烫手山芋 (tàngshǒu shānyù)
- 瓜疇芋區 / 瓜畴芋区
- 生水芋頭 / 生水芋头
- 番芋 (fānyù)
- 白芋
- 竹芋
- 老芋仔
- 芋仔
- 芋仔冰
- 芋冰
- 芋卵
- 芋圓 / 芋圆 (yùyuán)
- 芋奶
- 芋妳
- 芋子
- 芋栗
- 芋母
- 芋泥 (yùní)
- 芋渠
- 芋火
- 芋稈 / 芋秆
- 芋粄
- 芋粿 (yùguǒ)
- 芋粿曲
- 芋艿 (yùnǎi)
- 芒芋
- 芋莖 / 芋茎
- 芋荷
- 芋荷形
- 芋角 (yùjiǎo)
- 芋郎
- 芋郎君
- 芋頭 / 芋头 (yùtou)
- 芋頭糕 / 芋头糕 (yùtougāo)
- 芋頭酥 / 芋头酥
- 芋餅 / 芋饼
- 芋魁
- 芋魁豆飯 / 芋魁豆饭
- 芋魁飯豆 / 芋魁饭豆
- 芭蕉芋
- 荔芋 (lìyù)
- 茵芋
- 菊芋 (júyù)
- 蓒芋
- 藷芋 / 薯芋
- 軒芋 / 轩芋
- 野芋
- 雀芋
- 鬼芋
- 魔芋 (móyù)
- 鸇芋 / 鹯芋
- 龜背芋 / 龟背芋
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yú
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: hju
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷa/
Definitions
芋
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xū
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syu
- Wade–Giles: hsü1
- Yale: syū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
- Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
芋
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǔ
- Wade–Giles: yü3
- Yale: yǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
芋
Japanese
Kanji
芋
Readings
Compounds
- 芋茎 (zuiki)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 芋 |
| いも Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1] May be a shift from older form うも (umo),[2][3][4][5] ultimately from Proto-Japonic *umo.
Cognate with Okinawan 芋 ('nmu).
Pronunciation
Noun
芋 or 芋 • (imo)
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イモ (imo).
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 芋 |
| いも Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From 芋虫 (imomushi), from a player character's resemblance to a caterpillar once moving while prone.
Noun
芋 • (imo)
- (video games) camper, a person who stays in one spot in a first-person shooting game
Derived terms
- 芋スナイパー (imo sunaipā, “a camper who plays as a sniper”)
- 芋砂 (imosuna)
- 芋る (imoru, “to camp”)
References
- ^ “芋・薯・藷”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “芋”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “芋”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 芋 (MC hjuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 芌/우〯 (wǔ) (Yale: wu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
Etymology 2
Hanja
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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