吁

See also: 籲

吁	U+5401, 吁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5401

← 吀
[U+5400]

CJK Unified Ideographs

吂 →
[U+5402]

Translingual

Han character

吁 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口一木 (RMD), four-corner 6104₀, composition ⿰口于)

Derived characters

𬇢, 𦮣, 冔, 𦊯

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 174, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3275
Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 575, character 7
Unihan data for U+5401

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
侉	*qaːls
夸	*kʰʷraː
姱	*kʰʷraː
胯	kʰʷraː, kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨	kʰʷraː, kʰʷraːʔ, kʰʷraːs, kʰʷaːs
誇	*kʰʷraː
垮	*kʰʷraːʔ
銙	*kʰʷraːʔ
骻	*kʰʷraːʔ
咵	*kʰʷraːʔ
釫	ɢʷraː, qʷaː
摦	*ɡʷraːs
鮬	pɢʷaː, kʰʷaː
嶀	*qʰʷl'aː
扝	kʰʷaː, qʷaː
刳	*kʰʷaː
郀	*kʰʷaː
挎	*kʰʷaː
袴	*kʰʷaːs
絝	*kʰʷaːs
褲	*kʰʷaːs
恗	*qʰaː
洿	ɡʷaːʔ, qʷaː
瓠	ɡʷlaː, ɡʷlaːs
鄠	*ɢʷlaːʔ
污	qʷaː, qʷaːs
杇	*qʷaː
圬	*qʷaː
鴮	*qʷaː
盓	*qʷaː
汙	qʷaːs, ɢʷa
樗	*qʰʷl'a
摴	*qʰʷl'a
荂	pqʰʷa, qʰʷa
雩	qʰʷla, ɢʷla
吁	qʰʷa, ɢʷas
盱	*qʰʷa
訏	*qʰʷa
扜	qʰʷa, qʷa
旴	*qʰʷa
冔	*qʰʷaʔ
紆	*qʷa
陓	*qʷa
迂	qʷa, qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶	*qʷa
于	*ɢʷa
盂	*ɢʷa
竽	*ɢʷa
邘	*ɢʷa
玗	*ɢʷa
芋	ɢʷa, ɢʷas
杅	*ɢʷa
釪	*ɢʷa
骬	*ɢʷa
謣	*ɢʷla
宇	*ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		吁

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ
Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi¹
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hy¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xū
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syu
  - Wade–Giles: hsü¹
  - Yale: syū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: heoi¹
  - Yale: hēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵy̯⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hy¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hy⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hy¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hy⁵⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: xju, hjuH

Rime
Character	吁	吁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	況于切	王遇切
Baxter	xju	hjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨo/	/ɦɨo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hio/	/ɦio^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xio/	/ɣio^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/huə̆/	/ɦuə̆^H/
Li Rong	/xio/	/ɣio^H/
Wang Li	/xĭu/	/ɣĭu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯u/	/i̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xū	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	heoi¹	jyu⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰ(r)a/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷa/, /*ɢʷas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xū
Middle Chinese	‹ xju ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷʰ(r)a/
English	pained
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吁	吁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15694	15721
Phonetic component	于	于
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	訏	芋
Old Chinese	/*qʰʷa/	/*ɢʷas/
Notes	於轉註字

Definitions

吁

to sigh
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) huh! (used to express surprise or doubt)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) worried
a surname
alternative form of 噓 / 嘘

used in 欷吁

Compounds

吁俞
吁吁
吁咈
吁咈都俞
吁嗟
吁噓
吁氣
喘吁吁
嗟吁
噫吁戲
欷吁 (xīxū)
歎吁
氣吁吁
氣喘吁吁 (qìchuǎnxūxū)
短嘆長吁 / 短叹长吁
都俞吁咈
長吁
長吁短嘆 / 长吁短叹 (chángxūduǎntàn)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		吁

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yū, yú (yu¹, yu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩ, ㄩˊ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): y²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yū
  - Zhuyin: ㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yu
  - Wade–Giles: yü¹
  - Yale: yū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iu
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yú
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yú
  - Wade–Giles: yü²
  - Yale: yú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: y²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: y²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/

Definitions

吁

(Mainland China) (used to stop animals from advancing) whoa!

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 吁 – see 籲 (“to appeal; to plead; to call”). (This character is the simplified form of 籲).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “吁”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 267.

Japanese

Kanji

吁

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: う (u)、く (ku)
Kan-on: う (u)、く (ku)
Kun: あう (au)

Korean

Hanja

吁 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

吁: Hán Việt readings: hu^[1]^[2]^[3], hù^[3], u^[2]
吁: Nôm readings: hu^[2]^[3]^[4], hủ^[1]^[5], vo^[1], vu^[1], xu^[3]

chữ Hán form of hù (“to scare someone with a surprise”)
chữ Hán form of vù (“sound of the blowing wind”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).
^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
^ Hồ (1976).

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).

[taberd-4] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[btcn-5] Hồ (1976).

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