袴

See also: 褲
袴 U+88B4, 袴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88B4
← 袳
[U+88B3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 袵 →
[U+88B5]

Translingual

Traditional 褲
Shinjitai
(extended) 		袴
Simplified 裤

Han character

袴 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中大一尸 (LKMS), composition ⿰衤夸)

Derived characters

  • 𬞔

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1115, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34236
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1581, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3088, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+88B4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侉 *qaːls
夸 *kʰʷraː
姱 *kʰʷraː
胯 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
誇 *kʰʷraː
垮 *kʰʷraːʔ
銙 *kʰʷraːʔ
骻 *kʰʷraːʔ
咵 *kʰʷraːʔ
釫 *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
摦 *ɡʷraːs
鮬 *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
嶀 *qʰʷl'aː
扝 *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
刳 *kʰʷaː
郀 *kʰʷaː
挎 *kʰʷaː
袴 *kʰʷaːs
絝 *kʰʷaːs
褲 *kʰʷaːs
恗 *qʰaː
洿 *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
瓠 *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
鄠 *ɢʷlaːʔ
污 *qʷaː, *qʷaːs
杇 *qʷaː
圬 *qʷaː
鴮 *qʷaː
盓 *qʷaː
汙 *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
樗 *qʰʷl'a
摴 *qʰʷl'a
荂 *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
雩 *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
吁 *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
盱 *qʰʷa
訏 *qʰʷa
扜 *qʰʷa, *qʷa
旴 *qʰʷa
冔 *qʰʷaʔ
紆 *qʷa
陓 *qʷa
迂 *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶 *qʷa
于 *ɢʷa
盂 *ɢʷa
竽 *ɢʷa
邘 *ɢʷa
玗 *ɢʷa
芋 *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
杅 *ɢʷa
釪 *ɢʷa
骬 *ɢʷa
謣 *ɢʷla
宇 *ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷaːs): semantic 衤 (“cloth”) + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː) – a type of clothing.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 袴 – see 褲 (“pants; trousers”).
(This character is a variant form of 褲).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 袴 – see 胯 (“hip; groin”).
(This character is an ancient variant form of 胯).

Japanese

Kanji

袴

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 褲)

  1. traditional Japanese loose trousers

Readings

  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: こ (ko)
  • Kun: はかま (hakama, 袴)、ずぼん (zubon, 袴)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
袴
はかま
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from 穿か (haka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb 穿く (haku, “to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)”)) +‎ 裳 (ma, “robes”, sound shift from expected reading mo).[1]

The loincloth sense is attested earlier in the Nihon Shoki, finished in 720 CE.[2] Other sources[1] also cite the Nihon Shoki for the trousers sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) はかま [hàkámáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ka̠ma̠]

Noun

袴(はかま) • (hakama) 

  1. hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 74)
      飫瀰能古簸(おみのこは)多倍能(たへの)波伽摩(はかま)鳴(を)那那陛鳴絁(ななへをし)爾播爾陀陀始諦(にはにたたして)阿遥比那陀須暮(あよひなだすも) [Man'yōgana]
      臣(おみ)の子(こ)は栲(たへ)の袴(はかま)を七(なな)重(へ)をし庭(には)に立(た)たして足結(あよひ)撫(なだ)すも [Modern spelling]
      omi no ko wa tae no hakama o nanae oshi niwa ni tatashite ayoi nadasu mo
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. (botany) a leaf sheath
  3. a holder for a heated bottle of saké
  4. (rare, possibly obsolete) a kind of traditional Japanese loincloth
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (page 562)
      逼而脱(＊＊＊)褌(＊)　[...] [Man'yōgana]
      逼(せ)めて袴(はかま)を脱(に)かしめて　[...] [Modern spelling]
      semete hakama o nikashimete...
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Synonym: 褌 (fundoshi)
Derived terms
  • 袴葛(ハカマカズラ) (hakamakazura)
  • 袴(はかま)着(ぎ) (hakamagi)
  • 袴(はかま)地(じ) (hakamaji)
  • 袴(はかま)能(のう) (hakama-nō)
  • 行灯(あんどん)袴(ばかま) (andon-bakama)
  • 表(うえの)袴(はかま), 上(うえの)袴(はかま) (ue no hakama)
  • 袿(うちき)袴(ばかま) (uchiki-bakama)
  • 女(おんな)袴(ばかま) (onna-bakama)
  • 御(お)袴(はかま)料(りょう) (ohakama-ryō), 御(おん)袴(はかま)料(りょう) (onhakama-ryō)
  • 片(かた)袴(ばかま) (kata-bakama)
  • 括(くく)り袴(ばかま) (kukuribakama)
  • 紺(こう)屋(や)の白(しろ)袴(ばかま) (kōya no shirobakama)
  • 猿(さる)袴(ばかま) (saru-bakama)
  • 猩々(ショウジョウ)袴(バカマ) (shōjō-bakama)
  • 白(しろ)袴(ばかま) (shirobakama)
  • 摺(すり)袴(ばかま) (suribakama)
  • 長(なが)袴(ばかま) (nagabakama)
  • 羽(は)織(おり)袴(はかま) (haori-hakama)
  • 肌(はだ)袴(ばかま), 膚(はだ)袴(ばかま) (hadabakama)
  • 張(はり)袴(ばかま) (haribakama)
  • 半(はん)袴(ばかま) (hanbakama)
  • 緋(ひ)袴(ばかま) (hibakama), 緋(ひ)の袴(はかま) (hi no hakama)
  • 藤(フジ)袴(バカマ) (fujibakama)
  • 山(やま)袴(ばかま) (yamabakama)
  • 雪(ゆき)袴(ばかま) (yuki-bakama)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
袴
こ
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 袴 (MC khuH).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ko̞]

Noun

袴(こ) • (ko) 

  1. (rare) hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
  2. (rare) momohiki: traditional Japanese closefitting workman's trousers
    Synonym: 股引き (momohiki)
  3. (historical, military): prior to World War II, the general term for trousers in the Imperial Japanese Army
    Synonym: ズボン (zubon)

Derived terms

  • 袴(こ)下(した) (koshita)
  • 袿袴(けいこ) (keiko)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 袴 (MC khuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 고〮 (kwó) (Yale: kwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

袴 (eumhun 바지 고 (baji go))

  1. hanja form? of 고 (“trousers; pants”)

Compounds

  • 고의 (袴衣, goui)
  • 단고 (單袴, dan'go)
  • 환고 (紈袴, hwan'go)

Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 胯 (MC khwaeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 과〯 (kwǎ) (Yale: kwa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

袴 (eumhun 사타구니 과 (sataguni gwa))

  1. hanja form? of 과 (“crotch; groin”)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
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