讞

See also: 谳

讞	U+8B9E, 讞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B9E

← 讝
[U+8B9D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

讟 →
[U+8B9F]

Translingual

Han character

讞 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+20, 27 strokes, cangjie input 卜口卜月大 (YRYBK), four-corner 0353₄, composition ⿰訁獻)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1188, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36170
Dae Jaweon: page 1652, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4034, character 7
Unihan data for U+8B9E

Chinese

trad.		讞
simp.		谳

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬳) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
獻	sŋaːl, hŋans, *ŋrad
甗	ŋan, ŋranʔ, *ŋrans
巘	ŋranʔ, ŋanʔ
讞	ŋranʔ, ŋrans, *ŋrad
鬳	*ŋans
瓛	*ɦŋʷaːn
囐	*sɡaːd
齾	ŋaːd, ŋraːd
钀	ŋrad, ŋad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, *ŋrad): semantic 言 + phonetic 獻 (OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yàn (yan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁶ / jin⁵ / jit⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngien / ngian

(Hailu, HRS): ngien^˖
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiàn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
  - Wade–Giles: yen⁴
  - Yale: yàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jin⁶ / jin⁵ / jit⁶
  - Yale: yihn / yíhn / yiht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁶ / jin⁵ / jit⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁶ / yin⁵ / yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²²/, /jiːn¹³/, /jiːt̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngien
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngian
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngien^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋien³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
  - Tâi-lô: hiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/

Middle Chinese: ngjenX, ngjet

Rime
Character	讞	讞
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)	薛 (83)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	魚蹇切	魚列切
Baxter	ngjenX	ngjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiᴇn^X/	/ŋˠiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚiɛn^X/	/ŋᵚiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiæn^X/	/ŋiæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋian^X/	/ŋiat̚/
Li Rong	/ŋjɛn^X/	/ŋjɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɛn^X/	/ŋĭɛt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɛn^X/	/ŋi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁵	jit⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ(r)ar-s/, /*ŋ(r)at/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋranʔ/, /*ŋrans/, /*ŋrad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	讞	讞
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yàn	yàn
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjen^H ›	‹ ngjet ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)ar-s/	/*ŋ(r)at/
English	announce a verdict	announce a sentence (of a court)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	讞	讞	讞
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	14455	14457	14465
Phonetic component	鬳	鬳	鬳
Rime group	元	元	月
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	齴	彥	孼
Old Chinese	/*ŋranʔ/	/*ŋrans/	/*ŋrad/

Definitions

讞

to pronounce (guilty, etc.); to decide; to judge; to announce a verdict

Compounds

定讞 / 定谳 (dìngyàn)
讞牘 / 谳牍
讞獄 / 谳狱
讞讞 / 谳谳

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B04768
“讞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

讞

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): げつ (getsu)、げち (gechi)、げん (gen)
Kun: さばく (sabaku)

Korean

Hanja

讞 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, Yale en)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

讞: Hán Việt readings: nghiện^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4], nghiễn^[3]

chữ Hán form of nghiện (“judge, convict, declare guilty”)

References

^ Trần (2004).
^ Trần (1999).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Nguyễn (1974).
^ Thiều Chửu (1942).