跪
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Translingual
Han character
跪 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口一弓一山 (RMNMU), four-corner 67112, composition ⿰𧾷危)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1225, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37516
- Dae Jaweon: page 1696, character 29
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3704, character 3
- Unihan data for U+8DEA
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
跪 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (危) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ): semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol). However, the phonetic component shows (perhaps by chance) a person kneeling on the ground.
Etymology
Perhaps connected with Proto-Vietic *t-kuːlʔ (> Vietnamese gối (“knee”)) (Schuessler, 2007). For the semantic relationship, compare English kneel. Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *koj (“bend; curved; lap; bosom”), whence Burmese ခွေ (hkwe, “to coil; hoop”) (STEDT).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): kui3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): kui3
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̄
- Eastern Min (BUC): gôi
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gui5 / kuei3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6jiu; 6gue
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kuei3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: guì
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
- Wade–Giles: kuei4
- Yale: gwèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
- Palladius: гуй (guj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwai6
- Yale: gwaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwai6
- Guangdong Romanization: guei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐi̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gei5
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khúi
- Hakka Romanization System: kuiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kui3
- Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kuiˊ
- Sinological IPA: /kʰui²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: kui3
- Sinological IPA: /kʰuɪ³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gui5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gūi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gui5
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui²¹/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kuei3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kôi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuei⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kuei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuei³³²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- gui5 - literary;
- kuei3 - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines, Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔi
- Tâi-lô: kuǐ
- IPA (Philippines): /kui³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kui²²/
- IPA (Longyan): /kui⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūi
- Tâi-lô: kuī
- Phofsit Daibuun: kui
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kui³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kui²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: guin6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŭiⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kũĩ³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines, Longyan)
- Wu
Note:
- 3jjy - colloquial;
- 3gue - literary.
- Middle Chinese: khjweX, gjweX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[g](r)ojʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰrolʔ/, /*ɡrolʔ/
Definitions
跪
- to kneel
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) foot
- 蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇蟺之穴無可寄託者，用心躁也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
- Xiè liù guì ér èr áo, fēi shé shàn zhī xué wú kě jìtuō zhě, yòngxīn zào yě. [Pinyin]
- The crab has six feet and two pincers, yet without the dens of snakes and eels, it has no place to take shelter. This is because its mind is impatient.
蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇蟺之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (figuratively) to kowtow; to show obedience to
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
跪
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
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