跳躍

See also: 跳跃

Chinese

	jump; hop; skip (a grade) jump; hop; skip (a grade); to leap; to bounce; to beat	to jump; to leap
trad. (跳躍)	跳	躍
simp. (跳跃)	跳	跃
alternative forms	跳趯

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiàoyuè

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄠˋ ㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tiu³ joek⁶ / tiu³ joek³
Eastern Min (BUC): tiéu-iŏk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tieo⁴ oeh⁷ / tieo⁴ yoeh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thiàu-io̍k / thiàu-iāu

(Teochew, Peng'im): tiao³ iag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiàoyuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄠˋ ㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiàoyuè
  - Wade–Giles: tʻiao⁴-yüeh⁴
  - Yale: tyàu-ywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiawyueh
  - Palladius: тяоюэ (tjaojue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tiu³ joek⁶ / tiu³ joek³
  - Yale: tiu yeuhk / tiu yeuk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tiu³ joek⁹ / tiu³ joek⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: tiu³ yêg⁶ / tiu³ yêg³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːu̯³³ jœːk̚²/, /tʰiːu̯³³ jœːk̚³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tiéu-iŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ yoʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tieo⁴ oeh⁷ [Phonetic: tieo¹ oeh⁷]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ta̤̍u-e̤̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ œʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tieo⁴ yoeh⁷ [Phonetic: tieo¹ yoeh⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yøʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiàu-io̍k
  - Tâi-lô: thiàu-io̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiao'iok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiau²¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiàu-iāu
  - Tâi-lô: thiàu-iāu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiao'iau
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiau²¹⁻⁵³ iau²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tiao³ iag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiàu iak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iak̚²/

Middle Chinese: dew yak

Rime
Character	跳	躍
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	徒聊切	以灼切
Baxter	dew	yak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/deu/	/jɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/deu/	/jiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/deu/	/iɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛw/	/jɨak̚/
Li Rong	/deu/	/iak̚/
Wang Li	/dieu/	/jĭak̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱieu/	/i̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiáo	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tiu⁴	joek⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤew lewk/

(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰeːws|l'eːw lewɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	跳	躍
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiào	yuè
Middle Chinese	‹ dew ›	‹ yak ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁew/	/*lewk/
English	jump	leap, jump
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	跳	跳	躍
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	16887	16888	2220
Phonetic component	兆	兆	翟
Rime group	宵	宵	藥
Rime subdivision	2	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	糶	迢	藥
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰeːws/	/*l'eːw/	/*lewɢ/

Verb

跳躍

to jump; to prance; to leap
- 夫馬之爲草駒之時，跳躍揚蹏，翹尾而走，人不能制。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  夫马之为草驹之时，跳跃扬蹄，翘尾而走，人不能制。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Huainanzi, 2^nd century BCE
  Fú mǎ zhī wéi cǎo jū zhī shí, tiàoyuè yáng tí, qiào wěi ér zǒu, rén bùnéng zhì. [Pinyin]
  When a horse is still a colt, it kicks its hooves, jumps around and raises its tail as it gallops. It is uncontrollable at this stage.

Synonyms

蹦跳 (bèngtiào)

Derived terms

跳躍器 / 跳跃器

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (跳躍):

→ Japanese: 跳(ちょう)躍(やく) (chōyaku)
→ Korean: 도약(跳躍) (doyak)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
跳	躍
ちょう Grade: S	やく Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 跳躍 (dew yak).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちょーやく [chòóyákú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːja̠kɯ̟]

Noun

跳(ちょう)躍(やく) • (chōyaku) ^{←てうやく (teuyaku)^?}

a jump, a leap

Synonyms

(jump): ジャンプ (janpu), 飛躍(ひやく) (hiyaku)

Derived terms

跳躍競技(ちょうやくきょうぎ) (chōyaku kyōgi)

Verb

跳(ちょう)躍(やく)する • (chōyaku suru) ^{←てうやく (teuyaku)^?}intransitive suru (stem 跳(ちょう)躍(やく)し (chōyaku shi), past 跳(ちょう)躍(やく)した (chōyaku shita))

to jump, to leap

Conjugation

Conjugation of "跳躍する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	跳躍し	ちょうやくし	chōyaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	跳躍し	ちょうやくし	chōyaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	跳躍する	ちょうやくする	chōyaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	跳躍する	ちょうやくする	chōyaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	跳躍すれ	ちょうやくすれ	chōyaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	跳躍せよ¹ 跳躍しろ²	ちょうやくせよ¹ ちょうやくしろ²	chōyaku seyo¹ chōyaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	跳躍される	ちょうやくされる	chōyaku sareru
Causative	跳躍させる跳躍さす	ちょうやくさせるちょうやくさす	chōyaku saseru chōyaku sasu
Potential	跳躍できる	ちょうやくできる	chōyaku dekiru
Volitional	跳躍しよう	ちょうやくしよう	chōyaku shiyō
Negative	跳躍しない	ちょうやくしない	chōyaku shinai
Negative continuative	跳躍せず	ちょうやくせず	chōyaku sezu
Formal	跳躍します	ちょうやくします	chōyaku shimasu
Perfective	跳躍した	ちょうやくした	chōyaku shita
Conjunctive	跳躍して	ちょうやくして	chōyaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	跳躍すれば	ちょうやくすれば	chōyaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]