釋迦牟尼

See also: 释迦牟尼 and 釈迦牟尼

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (釋迦牟尼)		釋	迦	牟	尼
simp. (释迦牟尼)		释	迦	牟	尼
alternative forms		釋迦文尼／释迦文尼

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाक्यमुनि (Śākyamuni, “sage of the Śākyas”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Shìjiāmóuní

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚㄇㄡˊ ㄋㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sik¹ gaa¹ mau⁴ nei⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Sit-kâ-mèu-nì
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Sek-khia-mô͘-nî

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Shìjiāmóuní
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚㄇㄡˊ ㄋㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Shìhjiamóuní
  - Wade–Giles: Shih⁴-chia¹-mou²-ni²
  - Yale: Shr̀-jyā-móu-ní
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shyhjiamouni
  - Palladius: Шицзямоуни (Šiczjamouni)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ moʊ̯³⁵ ni³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sik¹ gaa¹ mau⁴ nei⁴
  - Yale: sīk gā màuh nèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁷ gaa¹ mau⁴ nei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: xig¹ ga¹ meo⁴ néi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²¹ nei̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sit-kâ-mèu-nì
  - Hakka Romanization System: xid^ˋ ga^ˊ meu^ˇ ni^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xid⁵ ga¹ meu² ni²
  - Sinological IPA: /sit̚² ka²⁴ meu̯¹¹ ni¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sek-khia-mô͘-nî
  - Tâi-lô: Sik-khia-môo-nî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sekqiamonii
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/

Middle Chinese: syek kja mjuw nrij

Rime
Character	釋	迦	牟	尼
Reading #	1/1	1/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	見 (28)	明 (4)	娘 (12)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)	戈 (96)	尤 (136)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	III
Fanqie	施隻切	居伽切	莫浮切	女夷切
Baxter	syek	kja	mjuw	nrij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇk̚/	/kɨɑ/	/mɨu/	/ɳˠiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛk̚/	/kiɑ/	/miu/	/ɳᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiæk̚/	/kiɑ/	/miəu/	/niɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiajk̚/	/kɨa/	/muw/	/ɳji/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛk̚/	/kiɑ/	/miu/	/nji/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛk̚/	/kǐɑ/	/mĭəu/	/ni/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛk̚/	/ki̯ɑ/	/mi̯ə̯u/	/ni/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shi	jiē	móu	ní
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik¹	ge¹	mau⁴	nei⁴

Proper noun

釋迦牟尼

(Buddhism) Śākyamuni; Gautama Buddha
Synonyms: 釋迦文 / 释迦文 (Shìjiāwén), 能仁 (Néngrén)

Synonyms

佛陀 (Fótuó)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (釋迦牟尼):

→ Japanese: 釈(シャ)迦(カ)牟(ム)尼(ニ) (Shakamuni)
→ Korean: 석가모니(釋迦牟尼) (Seokgamoni)
→ Vietnamese: Thích-ca Mâu-ni (釋迦牟尼)

Further reading

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “釋迦牟尼” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
釋	迦	牟	尼
しゃく > しゃ Hyōgai	か Jinmeiyō	む Jinmeiyō	に Grade: S
irregular	kan'on	goon

Proper noun

釋(しゃ)迦(か)牟(む)尼(に) or 釋迦牟尼(シャカムニ) • (Shakamuni)

(Buddhism) Kyūjitai form of 釈迦牟尼 (Śākyamuni)

Korean

Hanja in this term
釋	迦	牟	尼

Proper noun

釋迦牟尼 • (Seokgamoni) (hangeul 석가모니)

hanja form^? of 석가모니 (“Sakyamuni”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
釋	迦	牟	尼

Proper noun

釋迦牟尼

chữ Hán form of Thích-ca Mâu-ni (“Sakyamuni”)