浮
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Translingual
Han character
浮 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水月弓木 (EBND), four-corner 32147, composition ⿰氵孚)
Derived characters
- 𠸷, 𬈽, 𤂆, 𭳄, 𪃽, 𦷰, 𦋵, 𮊑, 𥰛, 㐢
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 624, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17487
- Dae Jaweon: page 1022, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1629, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6D6E
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
浮 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 鳧／凫 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 浮 | |
|---|---|
| Spring and Autumn | Warring States |
| Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (孚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bu): semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 孚 (OC *pʰuw).
Etymology
Related to 漂 (OC *pʰew, *pʰews, “to float, drift”); see there for more.
Zhang, Jacques, & Lai (2019) propose additional cognacy to Situ ʑbrū (“boat”) Japhug ʑmbrɯ (“(idem)”), assuming that those are nominalized from a verb *mbru ("to float").
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fau4 / pou4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fèu / phò / fù / phèu / phù
- Eastern Min (BUC): pèu / pù
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6vu; 6veu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hou2 / bau2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fú
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fú
- Wade–Giles: fu2
- Yale: fú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu²¹/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fau4 / pou4
- Yale: fàuh / pòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: fau4 / pou4
- Guangdong Romanization: feo4 / pou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɐu̯²¹/, /pʰou̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- fau4 - literary;
- pou4 - vernacular.
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fèu / phò / fù
- Hakka Romanization System: feuˇ / poˇ / fuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: feu2 / po2 / fu2
- Sinological IPA: /feu̯¹¹/, /pʰo¹¹/, /fu¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fèu / phò / phèu / phù / fù
- Hakka Romanization System: feuˇ / poˇ / peuˇ / puˇ / fuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: feu2 / po2 / peu2 / pu2 / fu2
- Sinological IPA: /feu̯¹¹/, /pʰo¹¹/, /pʰeu̯¹¹/, /pʰu¹¹/, /fu¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
Note:
- fèu, phò, phèu, phù - vernacular;
- fù - literary.
Note:
- pèu - literary;
- pù - vernacular (“to deep-fry”).
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû
- Tâi-lô: phû
- Phofsit Daibuun: phuu
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰu¹³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /pʰu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hû
- Tâi-lô: hû
- Phofsit Daibuun: huu
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /hu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
- Tâi-lô: hôo
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /hɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- phû - vernacular;
- hû - literary.
Note:
- hou2 - literary;
- bau2 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: bjuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m.b(r)u/
- (Zhengzhang): /*bu/
Definitions
浮
- to float
- (dialectal) to swim
- 浮水 ― fúshuǐ ― to swim
- superficial
- 浮土 ― fútǔ ― surface soil
- temporary
- movable
- frivolous
- hollow; inflated
- excessive; surplus
- (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) to deep-fry
- Alternative form: 烰
- (Hokkien) to boil (food)
- Alternative form: 烰
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 炸 (“to deep-fry”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 炸, 油炸 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 炸 |
| Taiwan | 炸 | |
| Singapore | 炸 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 炸 |
| Hong Kong | 炸 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 炸 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 炸 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 浮 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 炸 | |
| Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 浮 | |
| Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 浮 | |
| Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 浮, 炸 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 浮 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 浮 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 浮 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 糋 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 炸, 浮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 糋, 浮, 乍 |
| Quanzhou | 糋, 浮, 乍 | |
| Zhangzhou | 糋, 浮, 乍 | |
| Tainan | 糋, 浮, 乍 GT | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 糋 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 糋 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 糋 | |
| Chaozhou | 炸 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 炸, 氽, 煠 |
| Suzhou | 氽, 煠 | |
| Wuxi | 煠 | |
| Hangzhou | 煠, 氽 | |
| Ningbo | 煠, 氽 | |
| Ningbo (Zhenhai) | 煠 | |
| Ningbo (Fenghua) | 煠 | |
| Zhoushan | 煠 | |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
Compounds
- 上浮 (shàngfú)
- 下浮 (xiàfú)
- 不浮
- 人浮於事 / 人浮于事 (rénfúyúshì)
- 人浮於食 / 人浮于食
- 囂浮 / 嚣浮
- 富貴浮雲 / 富贵浮云
- 幽浮 (yōufú)
- 弓影浮杯
- 心浮氣躁 / 心浮气躁
- 心粗氣浮 / 心粗气浮
- 懸浮 / 悬浮 (xuánfú)
- 懸浮物 / 悬浮物
- 打拍浮
- 拍浮
- 暴虐浮躁
- 水浮
- 沉李浮瓜
- 沉浮 (chénfú)
- 流血浮尸
- 浮一大白
- 浮上心頭 / 浮上心头
- 浮上水
- 浮下水
- 浮世 (fúshì)
- 浮世繪 / 浮世绘 (fúshìhuì)
- 浮侈
- 浮來暫去 / 浮来暂去
- 浮借
- 浮光 (fúguāng)
- 浮光掠影 (fúguānglüèyǐng)
- 浮冒
- 浮冗
- 浮冰 (fúbīng)
- 浮利
- 浮力 (fúlì)
- 浮動 / 浮动 (fúdòng)
- 浮動匯率 / 浮动汇率
- 浮動工資制 / 浮动工资制
- 浮動領土 / 浮动领土
- 浮厝
- 浮吊
- 浮名 (fúmíng)
- 浮名薄利
- 浮名虛利 / 浮名虚利
- 浮名虛譽 / 浮名虚誉
- 浮囊
- 浮圓子 / 浮圆子
- 浮圖 / 浮图 (Fútú)
- 浮土 (fútǔ)
- 浮報 / 浮报
- 浮塢 / 浮坞
- 浮塵 / 浮尘 (fúchén)
- 浮塵子 / 浮尘子 (fúchénzǐ)
- 浮士德 (Fúshìdé)
- 浮天
- 浮奢
- 浮子 (fúzi)
- 浮家泛宅
- 浮小麥 / 浮小麦 (fúxiǎomài)
- 浮屍 / 浮尸 (fúshī)
- 浮屠 (Fútú)
- 浮山 (Fúshān)
- 浮岩 (fúyán)
- 浮性
- 浮想 (fúxiǎng)
- 浮想聯翩 / 浮想联翩 (fúxiǎngliánpiān)
- 浮托
- 浮揚 / 浮扬
- 浮收
- 浮文
- 浮末
- 浮板 (fúbǎn)
- 浮梁 (Fúliáng)
- 浮梗
- 浮棚
- 浮棧橋 / 浮栈桥
- 浮榮 / 浮荣
- 浮槎
- 浮標 / 浮标 (fúbiāo)
- 浮橋 / 浮桥 (fúqiáo)
- 浮氣 / 浮气
- 浮水 (fúshuǐ)
- 浮水衣
- 浮沉 (fúchén)
- 浮沉船塢 / 浮沉船坞
- 浮沉酒醆 / 浮沉酒盏
- 浮泛 (fúfàn)
- 浮浮
- 浮浪
- 浮浪人
- 浮淺 / 浮浅 (fúqiǎn)
- 浮游 (fúyóu)
- 浮游生物 (fúyóu shēngwù)
- 浮滑 (fúhuá)
- 浮漂 (fúpiāo)
- 浮漾
- 浮漚 / 浮沤
- 浮潛 / 浮潜 (fúqián)
- 浮濫 / 浮滥
- 浮災 / 浮灾
- 浮炭
- 浮現 / 浮现 (fúxiàn)
- 浮環 / 浮环
- 浮瓜沉李
- 浮瓜避暑
- 浮生 (fúshēng)
- 浮生六記 / 浮生六记
- 浮生如寄
- 浮生植物
- 浮生瞬息
- 浮生若夢 / 浮生若梦 (fúshēngruòmèng)
- 浮生若寄
- 浮白
- 浮皮
- 浮皮兒 / 浮皮儿
- 浮皮潦草
- 浮皮蹭癢 / 浮皮蹭痒
- 浮石 (fúshí)
- 浮石沉木
- 浮碼頭 / 浮码头
- 浮禮 / 浮礼
- 浮禮兒 / 浮礼儿
- 浮秤
- 浮空
- 浮筒
- 浮簽 / 浮签
- 浮紅 / 浮红
- 浮翠流丹
- 浮而不實 / 浮而不实
- 浮聲切響 / 浮声切响
- 浮脈 / 浮脉
- 浮脆
- 浮腫 / 浮肿 (fúzhǒng)
- 浮船塢 / 浮船坞 (fúchuánwù)
- 浮花
- 浮花浪蕊
- 浮萍 (fúpíng)
- 浮華 / 浮华 (fúhuá)
- 浮華世界 / 浮华世界
- 浮萍大海
- 浮萍斷梗 / 浮萍断梗
- 浮萍浪梗
- 浮蕩 / 浮荡 (fúdàng)
- 浮薄
- 浮蟻 / 浮蚁
- 浮言 (fúyán)
- 浮記 / 浮记
- 浮詞 / 浮词
- 浮詞曲說 / 浮词曲说
- 浮話 / 浮话
- 浮誇 / 浮夸 (fúkuā)
- 浮說 / 浮说
- 浮語虚辭 / 浮语虚辞
- 浮語虛辭 / 浮语虚辞
- 浮議 / 浮议 (fúyì)
- 浮譽 / 浮誉
- 浮豔 / 浮艳
- 浮財 / 浮财 (fúcái)
- 浮費 / 浮费
- 浮躁 (fúzào)
- 浮辭 / 浮辞
- 浮逃
- 浮鋪 / 浮铺
- 浮雕 (fúdiāo)
- 浮雲 / 浮云 (fúyún)
- 浮雲富貴 / 浮云富贵
- 浮雲朝露 / 浮云朝露
- 浮雲翳日 / 浮云翳日
- 浮雲蔽日 / 浮云蔽日
- 浮雲遊子 / 浮云游子
- 浮雲驚龍 / 浮云惊龙
- 浮露
- 浮靡
- 浮面 (fúmiàn)
- 浮面兒 / 浮面儿
- 浮頭 / 浮头 (fútóu)
- 浮頭兒 / 浮头儿
- 浮頭食 / 浮头食
- 浮額 / 浮额
- 浮鬆 / 浮松
- 浮點 / 浮点
- 游辭浮說 / 游辞浮说
- 漂浮 (piāofú)
- 玻璃浮雕
- 磁浮火車 / 磁浮火车
- 粗心浮氣 / 粗心浮气
- 羅浮夢 / 罗浮梦
- 羅浮宮 / 罗浮宫 (Luófúgōng)
- 羅浮山 / 罗浮山 (Luófúshān)
- 與世沉浮 / 与世沉浮
- 與世浮沉 / 与世浮沉
- 與時浮沉 / 与时浮沉
- 萍浮
- 虛浮 / 虚浮 (xūfú)
- 載沉載浮 / 载沉载浮
- 輕浮 / 轻浮 (qīngfú)
- 輕浪浮薄 / 轻浪浮薄
- 輕災浮難 / 轻灾浮难
- 閻浮 / 阎浮 (yánfú)
- 陰虛陽浮 / 阴虚阳浮
- 隨世沉浮 / 随世沉浮
- 隨俗沉浮 / 随俗沉浮
- 隨俗浮沉 / 随俗浮沉
- 雲浮 / 云浮 (Yúnfú)
- 飄浮 / 飘浮 (piāofú)
- 飄浮球 / 飘浮球
- 飛揚浮躁 / 飞扬浮躁
Descendants
- → Proto-Tai: *wuːᴬ (“to float”)
- Thai: ฟู (fuu, “to float, to swell”)
References
- “浮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 浮 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
浮󠄁 浮+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
| 浮󠄃 浮+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
浮
- to float
Readings
- Go-on: ぶ (bu)
- Kan-on: ふう (fū)
- Kan’yō-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
- Kun: うかぶ (ukabu, 浮かぶ, Jōyō)、うかべる (ukaberu, 浮かべる, Jōyō)、うかれる (ukareru, 浮かれる, Jōyō)、うき (uki, 浮き)、うく (uku, 浮く, Jōyō)、すぎる (sugiru, 浮ぎる)
- Nanori: ちか (chika)
References
- ^ “浮”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu]
- Phonetic hangul: [부]
Hanja
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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