鑄

See also: 鋳 and 铸

鑄	U+9444, 鑄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9444

← 鑃
[U+9443]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鑅 →
[U+9445]

Translingual

Traditional	鑄
Shinjitai	鋳
Simplified	铸

Han character

鑄 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+14, 22 strokes, cangjie input 金土弓戈 (CGNI), four-corner 8414₁, composition ⿰釒壽)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1324, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40972
Dae Jaweon: page 1825, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4266, character 7
Unihan data for U+9444

Chinese

trad.		鑄
simp.		铸
alternative forms		鋳𨮾𤎧𨮚

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鑄
Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script

Characters in the same phonetic series (壽) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
禱	tuːʔ, tuːs
擣	*tuːʔ
檮	tuːʔ, duː, *du
壔	*tuːʔ
懤	tuːʔ, du, *dus
濤	duː, duː
燾	duː, duːs
翿	duː, duːs
幬	duːs, du
儔	duːs, du
譸	*tu
籌	*du
疇	*du
躊	*du
燽	*du
薵	*du
魗	tʰjuʔ, dju
醻	*dju
壽	djuʔ, djus
璹	djuʔ, djuɡ
鑄	*tjos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjos): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). Historically, the glyph forms for this character used to be highly composite, with combinations of various ideogrammic (會意 / 会意) components, including 皿 (“container, crucible, or mould”), 火 (“fire”), 寸 (“hand”), or 𦦡 = 𦥑 (“two hands”) + 鬲 (“cauldron, container”), etc., indicating metal-casting. The phonetic value were signified by the optional component 𠃬, which also appeared in 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).

Etymology

Connected by Schuessler (2007) to 注 (OC *tjos, “to pour”), though the Baxter-Sagart reconstruction makes this phonetically suspect. Note, however, stronger phonetic similarities to Burmese တူး (tu:, “to be burnt, scorched”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chù

(Teochew, Peng'im): zu³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
  - Wade–Giles: chu⁴
  - Yale: jù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zyu³
  - Yale: jyu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzy³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ju³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chù
  - Tâi-lô: tsù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zux
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡su¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zu³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su²¹³/

Middle Chinese: tsyuH

Rime
Character	鑄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之戍切
Baxter	tsyuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕio^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕio^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuə̆^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕio^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tu-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjos/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鑄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhù
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyu^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tu-s/ (MC F!)
English	to cast (a bronze vessel)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鑄
Reading #	1/1
No.	11710
Phonetic component	壽
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	注
Old Chinese	/*tjos/

Definitions

鑄

to cast; to melt; to found; to forge
to form; to create; to mould
to cultivate; to train

Compounds

壓鑄 / 压铸
晉鑄刑鼎 / 晋铸刑鼎
歐冶鑄劍 / 欧冶铸剑
澆鑄 / 浇铸 (jiāozhù)
白鑄鐵 / 白铸铁
研經鑄史 / 研经铸史
臨難鑄兵 / 临难铸兵
鎔鑄 / 镕铸
鑄件 / 铸件 (zhùjiàn)
鑄字 / 铸字
鑄山煮海 / 铸山煮海
鑄工 / 铸工
鑄幣局 / 铸币局
鑄成大錯 / 铸成大错 (zhùchéngdàcuò)
鑄模 / 铸模 (zhùmú)
鑄造 / 铸造 (zhùzào)
鑄鋼 / 铸钢
鑄錢局 / 铸钱局
鑄鐵 / 铸铁 (zhùtiě)
鑄鼎象物 / 铸鼎象物
陶鎔鼓鑄 / 陶镕鼓铸
陶鑄 / 陶铸
鬥而鑄兵 / 斗而铸兵
鬥而鑄錐 / 斗而铸锥
鼓鑄 / 鼓铸

Japanese

Shinjitai	鋳
Kyūjitai	鑄

Kanji

鑄

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鋳)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: す (su)
Kan-on: しゅ (shu)
Kan’yō-on: ちゅう (chū)^{←ちう (tiu, historical)}
Kun: いる (iru, 鑄る)^{←いる (iru, 鑄る, historical)}^{←𛀆る (yiru, 鑄る, ancient)}

Korean

Hanja

鑄 • (ju) (hangeul 주)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鑄: Hán Nôm readings: chú

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.