陛下

Chinese

the steps to the throne
under; next; lower
under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
 
trad. (陛下) 陛 下
simp. #(陛下) 陛 下

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 陛 下
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 齊 (39) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV II
Fanqie 傍禮切 胡雅切
Baxter bejX haeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/beiX/ /ɦˠaX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/beiX/ /ɦᵚaX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bɛiX/ /ɣaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bɛjX/ /ɦaɨX/
Li
Rong 		/beiX/ /ɣaX/
Wang
Li 		/bieiX/ /ɣaX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱieiX/ /ɣaX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bì xià
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bai6 haa6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 下
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xià
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hæX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡˁraʔ/
English down

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 陛 下
Reading # 1/1 1/2
No. 506 13445
Phonetic
component 		比 下
Rime
group 		脂 魚
Rime
subdivision 		2 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		陛 下
Old
Chinese 		/*biːʔ/ /*ɡraːʔ/

Noun

陛下

  1. (honorific) Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (陛下):
  • → Japanese: 陛(へい)下(か) (heika)
  • → Korean: 폐하(陛下) (pyeha)
  • → Vietnamese: bệ hạ (陛下)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
陛 下
へい
Grade: 6 		か
Grade: 1
kan'on

Etymology

Literary Chinese 陛下 (bìxià)

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) へーか [héꜜèkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [he̞ːka̠]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

陛(へい)下(か) • (heika) 

  1. (rare, attributive) down the steps to the emperor's palace, looking up
    Coordinate terms: 閣下, 猊下, 殿下
  2. (monarchy) Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
    Coordinate terms: 閣下, 猊下, 殿下
    天(てん)皇(のう)陛(へい)下(か)
    Tennō Heika
    His Imperial Majesty the Emperor
    皇(こう)后(ごう)陛(へい)下(か)
    Kōgō Heika
    Her Imperial Majesty the Empress (Consort)
    天(てん)皇(のう)皇(こう)后(ごう)両(りょう)陛(へい)下(か)
    Tennō Kōgō Ryōheika
    Their Imperial Majesties the Emperor and Empress (Consort)
    女(じょ)王(おう)陛(へい)下(か)
    Joō Heika
    Her Royal Majesty the Queen (Regnant)
    • 2004 May 1, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “第(だい)28話(わ)　揺(ゆ)れる王(おう)国(こく) [Chapter 28: The Kingdom Shaken]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 150–151:
      勘(かん)違(ちが)いされては困(こま)る　貴(き)様(さま)のためになど戦(たたか)うつもりは毛(もう)頭(とう)ない！わしをつき動(うご)かすのは国王陛下(モルドレッド様)への忠(ちゅう)誠(せい)心(しん)のみ！
      Kanchigai sarete wa komaru Kisama no tame ni nado tatakau tsumori wa mōtō nai! Washi o tsukiugokasu no wa Kokuō Heika (Morudoreddo-sama) e no chūseishin nomi!
      Make no mistake, I have no intention of fighting for you! I am doing it only because I swore allegiance to His Majesty!

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
陛下

Noun

陛下 • (pyeha) (hangeul 폐하)

  1. hanja form? of 폐하 (“Your Majesty”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
陛下

Noun

陛下

  1. chữ Hán form of bệ hạ (“Your Majesty”)
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