Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

Formally appears to be a thematicized variant of Proto-Indo-European *-lós.

Kroonen (2017) instead derives this from the Proto-Indo-European *-trom family of instrumental nominal suffixes, specifically the lambdacized variants Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom and Proto-Indo-European *-tlom. The former suffix and the voiced Verner's alternant of the latter would undergo an assimilation to *-lla-. The geminate consonant would have later shortened to make *-la- which was suffixed onto stems with *-yeti, forming the Germanic agent suffix. [1] Compare Latin -ula.

Suffix

*-ilaz

  1. -er: suffix forming agent nouns and instrument nouns such as tools
Alternative forms

Inflection

Declension of *-ilaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *-ilaz *-ilōz, *-ilōs
vocative *-il *-ilōz, *-ilōs
accusative *-ilą *-ilanz
genitive *-ilas, *-ilis *-ilǫ̂
dative *-ilai *-ilamaz
instrumental *-ilō *-ilamiz
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *-il, *-ul
    • Old English: -el, -ol, -ul
    • Old Frisian:
      • West Frisian: -el
    • Old Saxon: -al, -il
      • Middle Low German: -el
        • Low German: -el
    • Old Dutch:
    • Old High German: -il
      • Middle High German: -el
  • Old Norse: -ill, -all, -ull m, -la f

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *-elo-, thematized from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.

Suffix

*-ilaz

  1. forms nouns of diminutive connotation

Inflection

Declension of *-ilaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *-ilaz *-ilōz, *-ilōs
vocative *-il *-ilōz, *-ilōs
accusative *-ilą *-ilanz
genitive *-ilas, *-ilis *-ilǫ̂
dative *-ilai *-ilamaz
instrumental *-ilō *-ilamiz
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 3

Related to the above etymologies. Compare Latin -ilis.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Suffix

*-ilaz

  1. forms adjectives from verbs, meaning “-ing” or “tending to …” (alternative form of *-ulaz)

Inflection

Declension of *-ilaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-ilaz *-ilō *-ilą, -atō *-ilai *-ilôz *-ilō
accusative *-ilanǭ *-ilǭ *-ilą, -atō *-ilanz *-ilōz *-ilō
genitive *-ilas, -is *-ilaizōz *-ilas, -is *-ilaizǫ̂ *-ilaizǫ̂ *-ilaizǫ̂
dative *-ilammai *-ilaizōi *-ilammai *-ilaimaz *-ilaimaz *-ilaimaz
instrumental *-ilanō *-ilaizō *-ilanō *-ilaimiz *-ilaimiz *-ilaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-ilô *-ilǭ *-ilô *-ilaniz *-ilōniz *-ilōnō
accusative *-ilanų *-ilōnų *-ilô *-ilanunz *-ilōnunz *-ilōnō
genitive *-iliniz *-ilōniz *-iliniz *-ilanǫ̂ *-ilōnǫ̂ *-ilanǫ̂
dative *-ilini *-ilōni *-ilini *-ilammaz *-ilōmaz *-ilammaz
instrumental *-ilinē *-ilōnē *-ilinē *-ilammiz *-ilōmiz *-ilammiz
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *-il
  • Old Norse: -ill
  • Gothic: -𐌹𐌻𐍃 (-ils)

Note: Fossilized in several descendants.

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2017) “The development of the Proto-Indo-European instrumental suffix in Germanic”, in Indogermanische Forschungen[1], volume 122, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 105-110