-ilis

From Proto-Italic *-elis, from Proto-Indo-European *-elis, probably from *-lós. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (“-le”, adjective-forming suffix).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɪ.lɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [i.lis] (stressed on the antepenult)

-ilis (neuter -ile, comparative -ilior, superlative -illimus or -ilissimus); third-declension two-termination suffix

1. -ile; used to form an adjective of relation, frequently passive, to the verb or root.

   ‎agō (“to act”) + ‎-ilis → ‎agilis (“that may be acted”)

   ‎frangō (“to break”) + ‎-ilis → ‎fragilis (“that may be broken”)

2. often attached to the perf. pass. part. stem:

   ‎sedeō (“to sit”) + ‎-ilis → ‎sessilis (“of sitting”)

   ‎pendeō (“to hang”) + ‎-ilis → ‎pēnsilis (“hanging”)

   ‎flectō (“to ply”) + ‎-ilis → ‎flexilis (“pliable”)

3. (rare) used to form an adjective from a noun or adjective stem, sometimes with passive meaning

   ‎humus (“ground, earth”) + ‎-ilis → ‎humilis (“lowly, humble”)

   ‎pār, par- (“even, equal”) + ‎-ilis → ‎parilis (“equal, like”)

   ‎herba (“grass”) + ‎-ilis → ‎herbilis (“fed on grass”)

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

• -ānus, -āris, -icus, -ulus

• -ālis
• -ēlis
• -īlis
• -ūlis
• -ātilis

Originally from the above -ilis added to i stems, later used freely.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈiː.lɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈiː.lis]

-īlis (neuter -īle); third-declension two-termination suffix

2. -ile; used to form an adjective, usually from a noun, indicating a relationship or a pertaining to.

   ‎aedis (“building”) + ‎-ilis → ‎aedīlis (“of buildings”) (attested as substantive)

   ‎hostis (“enemy”) + ‎-ilis → ‎hostīlis (“of the enemy, unfriendly, hostile”)

   ‎puer (“boy”) + ‎-ilis → ‎puerīlis (“of boys, boyish, immature”)

   ‎erus (“master”) + ‎-ilis → ‎erīlis (“of the master”)

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

• -bilis