sedeo
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *sedēō, from earlier *sedējō, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-éh₁-ye-ti (eh₁-stative), from Proto-Indo-European *sed-, the same root as sīdō (“I settle, I sink down”).
Cognates include Sanskrit सीदति (sī́dati), Old Church Slavonic сѣдѣти (sěděti), Old English sittan (English sit).
The perfect sēdī was originally the perfect of the related third-conjugation verb sīdō; this can be seen in how prefixed derivatives of sīdō use sēdī to form their perfects. The same fact is also demonstrated by Umbrian cognates, which feature 𐌔𐌉𐌔𐌕𐌖 (sistu, 3sg. imp.) (from present stem *sizd-) alongside future perfect sesust (from perfect stem *sezd-).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈsɛ.de.oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈsɛː.d̪e.o]
Verb
sedeō (present infinitive sedēre, perfect active sēdī, supine sessum); second conjugation, impersonal in the passive
- to sit, to be seated
- to sit in an official seat; sit in council or court, hold court, preside
- to keep the field, remain encamped
- to settle or sink down, subside
- to sit still; remain, tarry, stay, abide, linger, loiter; sit around
- (figuratively) to hold or hang fast or firm; to be established, settled, fixed, determined, resolved
- (Medieval Latin, Ibero-Romance) to be
- Pueri claustrales et bachalarii descendant in fine scalæ dormitorii, et illic sedeant.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Conjugation
This verb lacks almost all passive forms. Only the third-person singular passive forms are known.
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | sedeō | sedēs | sedet | sedēmus | sedētis | sedent | ||||||
| imperfect | sedēbam | sedēbās | sedēbat | sedēbāmus | sedēbātis | sedēbant | |||||||
| future | sedēbō | sedēbis | sedēbit | sedēbimus | sedēbitis | sedēbunt | |||||||
| perfect | sēdī | sēdistī | sēdit | sēdimus | sēdistis | sēdērunt, sēdēre | |||||||
| pluperfect | sēderam | sēderās | sēderat | sēderāmus | sēderātis | sēderant | |||||||
| future perfect | sēderō | sēderis | sēderit | sēderimus | sēderitis | sēderint | |||||||
| passive | present | — | — | sedētur | — | — | — | ||||||
| imperfect | — | — | sedēbātur | — | — | — | |||||||
| future | — | — | sedēbitur | — | — | — | |||||||
| perfect | — | — | sessum est | — | — | — | |||||||
| pluperfect | — | — | sessum erat | — | — | — | |||||||
| future perfect | — | — | sessum erit | — | — | — | |||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | sedeam | sedeās | sedeat | sedeāmus | sedeātis | sedeant | ||||||
| imperfect | sedērem | sedērēs | sedēret | sedērēmus | sedērētis | sedērent | |||||||
| perfect | sēderim | sēderīs | sēderit | sēderīmus | sēderītis | sēderint | |||||||
| pluperfect | sēdissem | sēdissēs | sēdisset | sēdissēmus | sēdissētis | sēdissent | |||||||
| passive | present | — | — | sedeātur | — | — | — | ||||||
| imperfect | — | — | sedērētur | — | — | — | |||||||
| perfect | — | — | sessum sit | — | — | — | |||||||
| pluperfect | — | — | sessum esset | — | — | — | |||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | — | sedē | — | — | sedēte | — | ||||||
| future | — | sedētō | sedētō | — | sedētōte | sedentō | |||||||
| passive | future | — | — | sedētor | — | — | — | ||||||
| non-finite forms | infinitive | participle | |||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||
| present | sedēre | sedērī | sedēns | — | |||||||||
| future | sessūrum esse | sessum īrī | sessūrus | sedendum | |||||||||
| perfect | sēdisse | sessum esse | — | sessum | |||||||||
| future perfect | — | sessum fore | — | — | |||||||||
| perfect potential | sessūrum fuisse | — | — | — | |||||||||
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||||||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||||||||
| sedendī | sedendō | sedendum | sedendō | sessum | sessū | ||||||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: shed, shideari
- Istro-Romanian: șed
- Megleno-Romanian: șǫd, șădęri
- Romanian: ședea, ședere
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: sedere
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance (subsequently merged into descendants of essere):
- Insular Romance:
References
- “sedeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “sedeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- sedeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to be on horseback: in equo sedere; equo insidēre
- (ambiguous) to sit with folded arms; to be inactive: compressis manibus sedere (proverb.) (Liv. 7. 13)
- (ambiguous) to hold the reins of government: ad gubernacula (metaph. only in plur.) rei publicae sedere
- (ambiguous) the seat of war, theatre of operations: belli sedes (Liv. 4. 31)
- (ambiguous) to be on horseback: in equo sedere; equo insidēre