est

Clipping of English Estonian or an abbreviation of Estonian eesti.

est

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Estonian terms

• IPA^(key): /ɛst/
• Rhymes: -ɛst

From Middle English este, from Old English ēst (“will, consent, favour”), from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“favour, affection”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”) or from *h₃neh₂- (“to bestow, offer, help; to enjoy”).

Cognate with Icelandic ást (“affection, love”), Dutch gunst (“favour, grace, courtesy, privilege”), German Gunst (“favour, goodwill, boon”), Danish yndest (“favour”), Swedish ynnest (“favour, indulgence, grace”).

• este

est (usually uncountable, plural ests)

1. (obsolete) Grace; favour.

• est.

est (not comparable)

1. Abbreviation of established.

   Acme Manufacturing Inc., est 1952

   • 2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits, page 49:

     Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing as est to cable marker

• re-est

• EST, Est

est

1. Initialism of Erhard Seminars Training, a course intended to promote satisfaction with life in the present moment, as opposed to strivings to attain it.

• tes, Tse, StE, set, TSE, Set, seṭ, ETS, STE, tse, ETs, TEs, Ste, Ste., SET

• hiu, escu

est first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative esti, past participle fute)

1. to be

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈest]

• Audio:

  (file)

est m (uncountable)

1. east

   Synonyms: orient, llevant

   a l'est del país

   in the east of the country

compass points: punts cardinals:  ^[edit]

• “est”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “est”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025.
• “est” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “est” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

From English east.

est m

1. east

• howldrehevel
• howldrevel

• gorlewin
• howlsedhes
• west

• north-est (“north-east”)
• soth-est (“south-east”)

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛst/
• Hyphenation: est

est m (uncountable)

1. alternative form of este

• “este, est” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

From Old Norse est, from Proto-Germanic *izi, with addition of -t from the preterite-present verbs. The Germanic form goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, cognate with Latin es, Ancient Greek εἶ (eî), Sanskrit असि (ási).

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛsd̥]

est

1. (archaic) present tense second-person singular of være (“(thou) art”)
   • 1812, Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, page 19:

     Om jeg end Engene hver Nat / I Sorgen maa betræde, / Din Magt den har mig altid fat, / Dog du est ej tilstede: ...

     Even if I, each night, the meadows / Must walk upon, mourningly, / Thy power always has its grip on me, / Though thou art not present: ...

   • 1863, Ludvig baron Holberg, Frederik Ludvig LIEBENBERG, Vilhelm MARSTRAND, Ludvig Holbergs Peder Paars, udgivet for det Holbergske Samfund af F. L. Liebenberg, page 152:

     Jeg nesten gietter hvad til saadant dig har dreven: / Du est vist uden Tvivl for Døden bange bleven. / Rak, giør Dig reede strax, paa Rejsen dig begiv, / Kald Folket sammen; see, du redde kand dit Liv!

     I can sort of guess what has driven thee to such things: / Undoubtedly, thou art become frightened of death. / Rabble, prepare thyself straight away, commence the journey, / Call together the people; see, thou canst save thy life!

From Old Norse hestr, from Proto-Germanic *hanhistaz, an alternative form of *hangistaz. Compare Danish hest.

• IPA^(key): /esːt/

2=-

est m

1. horse

stem=strong ''a''-stem

Inherited from Old French, from Old English ēast.

• IPA^(key): /ɛst/
• Rhymes: -ɛst

est (invariable)

1. east

est m (uncountable)

1. east

• Grand Est
• heure normale de l'est

• → Asturian: este
• → Catalan: est
• → Corsican: este, est
• → Galician: leste
• → Italian: est
• → Occitan: èst
• → Portuguese: este, → leste
• → Romanian: est
• → Spanish: este

• orient, levant

Inherited from Middle French est, from Old French est, from Latin est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Next to Jésus-Christ, it is the only word in which silent internal s remains in modern French spelling. The expected form êt existed, but did not establish itself, in contrast to être and êtes. Possible reasons are the sheer frequency of est, its exact agreement with the Latin form, and the fact that it was usually unstressed and thus shortened.

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /e/, (in liaison) /ɛ.t‿/ ~ /e.t‿/
• Homophones: aie, aies, aient, ais, ait, es (general), haie, haies, hais, hait (aspirated)

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of être

• êt (obsolete)

• c'est

• “est”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

• set, Ste., tes

From the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix).^[1][2][3] See more at este.

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛʃt]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛʃt

est (plural estek)

1. (archaic) evening, eve

   Synonym: este

2. (literary, by extension) recital, show in the evening (compare French soirée (“evening activity, party”, literally “evening”))

   műsoros est ― an evening with entertainment

• est in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• est in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛst/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛst
• Hyphenation: èst

est m (invariable)

1. east

   Synonyms: oriente, levante

compass points (Germanic-origin): punti cardinali:  ^[edit]

• 'ste, set

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Cognate with Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti), Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /⁠astiy⁠/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic ѥстъ (jestŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛst]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛst̪]

est

1. third-person singular present active indicative of sum

   Marcus agricola est. ― "Marcus is a farmer."

   Est senex. ― "He is old."

   Est puella in vīllā. ― "There is a girl in the villa."

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:est.

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti; form of the verb edō (“I eat”). Cognate with Russian есть (jestʹ), Latvian ēst, Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈeːst]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛst̪]

ēst

1. third-person singular present active indicative of edō
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.66–67:

     Ēst mollis flamma medullās
     intereā, et tacitum vīvit sub pectore vulnus.

     A soft flame consumes her [Dido's] bonemarrow
     meanwhile, as a quiet wound lives in her chest.

• edit

• “est”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

est m (please provide plural)

1. east (cardinal point)

• æst, este, eest, east, easte

From Old English ēast, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *austr.

• IPA^(key): /ɛːst/

est

1. east, easternness
2. A location to the south; the south
3. The Orient

• (compass point): north, south, west

• esturne
• estward

• English: east
  • → Cornish: est
• Scots: aist, eist

• “ēst, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.

est

1. To the east, eastwards, eastbound
2. From the east, eastern
3. In the east

• English: east
• Scots: aist, eist

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of estre

• êt (continental Normandy)
• êst (Jersey)

From Old French, from Old English ēast.

est m (uncountable)

1. (Guernsey, Sark) east

• ǣst

From Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“grace, thanks”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *unnaną (“to grant, thank”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”).

Cognate with Old Saxon anst (“grace, favour”), Old High German anst (“goodwill, benevolence, thanks, grace”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (ansts, “joy, grace, thankfulness”). Related to Old English unnan (“to grant, allow”). More at own.

• IPA^(key): /eːst/

ēst m or f (nominative plural ēste)

1. consent, grace, favor; kindness
2. pleasure

• Masculine

Strong i-stem:

• Feminine

Strong i-stem:

• ār, āre

• Middle English: este
  • English: est, este (obsolete)

• ẽ

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of estre

est

1. second-person singular present active indicative of vera

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

est n (uncountable)

1. east

   Synonyms: orient, răsărit

compass points (French/Germanic origin): puncte cardinale:  ^[edit]

• “est”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2025

From Latin est, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

• IPA^(key): /ˈest/

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of èssere

• aest

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /eːst/, /øst/

est (uncountable)

1. (Orkney) envy

est (third-person singular simple present ests, present participle estan, simple past ested, past participle ested)

1. (Orkney) To envy.

• “est, n. and v.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

• Audio:

  (file)

est c

1. Estonian; a person from Estonia

• estländsk
• estniska
• estnisk

• Set, set, tes

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ɛsd/, [ɛst]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /eːsd/, [eːst], /ɛsd/, [ɛst]
• Rhymes: -ɛsd

est

1. second-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd

• aethost (literary)