Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/

Etymology 1

From an earlier *hrengaz (compare the Proto-Finnic loanword *rëngas), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ- (“ring, circle”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (“circle”). The root, which features both a plain stop and a voiced aspirate and thus violates traditional Proto-Indo-European phonotactics, was probably formed in the post-IE phase,[1] and appears to be an extended nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).

Noun

*hringaz m[1]

  2. ring, circle
  3. curve
Inflection
Declension of *hringaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hringaz *hringōz, *hringōs
vocative *hring *hringōz, *hringōs
accusative *hringą *hringanz
genitive *hringas, *hringis *hringǫ̂
dative *hringai *hringamaz
instrumental *hringō *hringamiz
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

Of uncertain origin. Orel tentatively connects the word to the "ring, circle" of Etymology 1, i.e. "the noise that clashing rings make".[2] Other theories derive the word from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreg-, *(s)kArg-, *(s)kArk- (“to caw, crow, croak, pipe, shout”), and compare Lithuanian krañkti (“to caw, cough, croak”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) Alternatively, an intra-Germanic onomatopoeic formation.

Noun

*hringaz m

  2. (West Germanic) sound, ring
Inflection
Declension of *hringaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hringaz *hringōz, *hringōs
vocative *hring *hringōz, *hringōs
accusative *hringą *hringanz
genitive *hringas, *hringis *hringǫ̂
dative *hringai *hringamaz
instrumental *hringō *hringamiz
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hring
    • Old English: hring
      • Middle English: *ring

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hringa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 247
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xrenʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186
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