Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stāną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
The present stem derives from a Pre-Germanic j-present, *sth₂-yé/ó-, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Because it represents a formation known in Indo-European times, it may have been inherited. The past stem derives from an innovated extended form of the root, Pre-Germanic perfect singular *stéh₂-t-, nonsingular *sth₂-t-´. The process that led to this extension is unknown, however.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstɑː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*stāną
- to stand
Inflection
Irregular; the present is similar to verbs of weak class 3-ā. The past tense forms are shared with the synonymous verb *standaną.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *stō | ? | — | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *staisi | ? | *stai | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *staiþi | ? | *stāþau | — | — | |
| 1st dual | *stōs | ? | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *stāþiz | ? | *stāþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *stāmaz | ? | — | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *staiþ | ? | *staiþ | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *stānþi | ? | *stānþau | — | — | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *stōþ | *stōdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *stōst | *stōdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *stōþ | *stōdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *stōdū | *stōdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *stōdudiz | *stōdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *stōdum | *stōdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *stōdud | *stōdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *stōdun | *stōdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *stāndz | *stadanaz | ||||