Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swarduz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of unknown origin. Often the only cognate compared is Latvian šērve (“pigskin, thick (and dirty) skin layer”) and a possible reconstruction Proto-Balto-Slavic *sverdvē, though the Latvian term itself could have been borrowed through Germanic from German Low German Schörwe.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswɑr.duz/

Noun

*swarduz m

rind, tough skin
turf

Inflection

Declension of *swarduz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*swarduz	*swardiwiz
vocative	*swardu	*swardiwiz
accusative	*swardų	*swardunz
genitive	*swardauz	*swardiwǫ̂
dative	*swardiwi	*swardumaz
instrumental	*swardū	*swardumiz

Descendants

Old English: sweard
- Middle English: sward, swerd, swerde, swarde, swarthe, swarth, suarth
  - English: sward
  - Scots: swaird
Old Dutch: *swarda
- Middle Dutch: swaerde
  - Dutch: zwoerd
Old High German: *swarta
- Middle High German: swarte
  - German: Schwarte
Old Norse: svǫrðr
- Icelandic: svörður
- Faroese: svørður
- Norwegian Nynorsk: svord, svor
- Norwegian Bokmål: svor
- Swedish: svål
- Danish: svær

References

Risch, Ernest (1986): o-o-pe-ro-si: Festschrift fur Ernst Risch zum 75. Geburtstag / Edition 1