Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/stáHnam

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂-no-m, from *steh₂- (“to stand”) +‎ *-om (deverbal suffix).

Noun

*stáHnam n

the act of standing
position, location, place

Declension

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*stáHnam	*stáHnay	*stáHnaH
vocative	*stáHnam	*stáHnay	*stáHnaH
accusative	*stáHnam	*stáHnay	*stáHnaH
instrumental	*stáHnaH	*stáHnaybʰyā(m)	*stáHnāyš
ablative	*stáHnāt	*stáHnaybʰyā(m)	*stáHnaybʰyas
dative	*stáHnāy	*stáHnaybʰyā(m)	*stáHnaybʰyas
genitive	*stáHnasya	*stáHnayās	*stáHnānaHam
locative	*stáHnay	*stáHnayaw	*stáHnayšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰáHnam
- Sanskrit: स्थान (sthā́na)
  - Dardic:
    - Dameli: ثان (thān)
    - Gawar-Bati: ٹھَن (ṭhan)
    - Kalasha: thon
    - Kashmiri: تھانہٕ (thānụ, “police station”), تھَانَ (“dwelling place”)
    - Khowar: تھَن (than, “body”)
    - Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (tān)
    - Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (thān)
    - ⇒ Shumashti: [script needed] (šāṛie-thōone)
    - Tirahi: [script needed] (thān)
  - Southern:
    - Helu Prakrit:
      - Dhivehi: ތަން (tan̊)
      - Sinhalese: තන (tana)
    - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
      - Konkani: ठाण (ṭhāṇ, “camp”)
      - Marathi: ठाण (ṭhāṇ)
  - Eastern:
    - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
      - Early Assamese: থান (thano)
        Assamese: থান (than), ঠান (than, “shape”), থানা (thana, “police station”)
        Bengali: থান (than), থানা (thana, “police station, post”), ঠাঁই (ṭhãi)
        Odia: ଠାଣା (ṭhāṇā, “post”), ଠଣା (ṭhaṇā, “residence”)
  - Pali: ṭhāna
    - → Burmese: ဌာန (htana., “place”)
    - → Khmer: ឋាន (thaan, “place”), ដ្ឋាន (thaan) (as suffix)
    - → Tamil: தானி (tāṉi)
    - → Thai: ฐาน (tǎan, “place, evidence; because”)
    - → Lao: ຖານ (thān, “place, evidence; because”)
  - Western:
    - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
      - Garhwali: थान (thān)
      - Gujarati: ઠાણ (ṭhāṇ), થાણું (thāṇũ, “police station”)
      - Hindustani:
        Hindi: थान (thān), थाना (thānā, “police station”)
        Urdu: تھان (thān), تھانہ (thānā, “police station”)
      - Kumaoni: थाणो (thāṇo, “police station”)
      - Konkani: ठाण (ṭhāṇ, “camp”)
      - Marathi: ठाण (ṭhāṇ)
      - Nepali: थानु (thānu), थाना (thānā, “police station”)
      - Punjabi: ਥਾਣ (thāṇ), ਥਾਣਾ (thāṇā, “police station”)
      - Romani: than
      - Sindhi: थाणो (ṭhāṇo), ठाणु (ṭhāṇu, “stall in a stable”)
      - Romani: than
      - Vlax Romani: tan
      - Welsh Romani: than
  - → Hindustani:
    Hindi: स्थान (sthān)
    Urdu: ستھان (sthān)
  - → Bengali: স্থান (sthan)
  - → Kannada: ಸ್ಥಾನ (sthāna)
  - → Lao: ສະຖານ (sa thān)
  - → Lü: ᦉᦏᦱᧃ (ṡṫhaan), ᦏᦱᧃᧉ (ṫhaan²)
  - → Malay: tahana
    - > Indonesian: tahana (inherited)
  - → Malayalam: സ്ഥാനം (sthānaṁ)
  - → Marathi: स्थान (sthān)
  - → Telugu: స్థానము (sthānamu), స్థానం (sthānaṁ)
  - → Thai: สถาน (sà-tǎan), สถานะ (sà-tǎa-ná)
Proto-Iranian: *stáHnam
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/)
    - Middle Persian:
      Manichaean script: -𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫀𐫗 (-ystʾʾn /⁠-estān⁠/)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (-stʾn' /⁠-estān⁠/)
      
      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: -𐭮𐭲𐭭 (-stn /⁠-estān⁠/)
      - Persian: ـِسْتَان (/⁠-estân⁠/)
      - Tajik: -истон (-iston)
Proto-Nuristani: *tā́na (possibly a loanword from Indo-Aryan given the loss of *s)
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: tõ
    
    Kativiri: tā
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: tana
  - Waigali: tān