Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/činiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Causative-iterative of *činǫti (“to probe, to gauge”) +‎ *-iti (cognate with Ancient Greek τῐ́νω (tĭ́nō, “to pay honor”)) and/or related noun *činъ (“rank, status”) +‎ *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“to enquire, to evaluate”) < *kʷ- (interrogative particle).

Verb

*činìti^[1]^[2]

(transitive) to instigate, to cause
Synonym: *raděti

→ to prepare, to commence

→ to compile, to conjure

→ to accomplish, to fulfill

→ to raise, to set up
(transitive) to do, to perform
Synonyms: *děti, *dělati, *praviti
(intransitive, abstract) to constitute, to stand for, to be worth

Inflection

Conjugation of *činiti, *čini, *činitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čiňenьje	*činiti	*činitъ	*činilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čiňenъ	*činimъ
Active	*čiňь	*činę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*činixъ	*čini	*čini	*čiňǫ	*činiši	*činitь
Dual	*činixově	*činista	*činiste	*činivě	*činita	*činite
Plural	*činixomъ	*činiste	*činišę	*činimъ	*činite	*činętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čiňaaxъ	*čiňaaše	*čiňaaše	—	*čini	*čini
Dual	*čiňaaxově	*čiňaašeta	*čiňaašete	*činivě	*činita	—
Plural	*čiňaaxomъ	*čiňaašete	*čiňaaxǫ	*činimъ	*činite	—

(*)*činivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

*cěniti (“to value, to esteem”)
*činьnъ, *činovъ (“official, functional”)
- *činovьnikъ
*činъ (“rank”)
*načinъ (“manner”)
*pričina (“cause”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: чыні́ць (čynícʹ)
- Russian: чини́ть (činítʹ)
- Ukrainian: чини́ти (čynýty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: чинити (činiti)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱍⰻⱀⰻⱅⰻ (činiti)
- Bulgarian: чи́ня (čínja)
- Macedonian: чини (čini)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: чѝнити
  
  Latin script: čìniti
- Slovene: číniti
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: činiti
  - Czech: činit
- Kashubian: czënic
- Old Polish: czynić
  - Polish: czynić
  - Silesian: czynić
- Slovak: činiť
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: činić
  - Lower Sorbian: cyniś

Non-Slavic:
→ Hungarian: csinál

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*činìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 89: “v. (c)”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “činiti: činjǫ činitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c gøre, udrette (PR 140)”