Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷey-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kʷey-^[1]

to pay
to avenge

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey- (21 c, 0 e)

*kʷéy-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáyati
    - Sanskrit: चयते (cáyate, “to take revenge on”)
- Proto-Slavic: *kàjati
*kʷi-néw-ti ~ *kʷi-nw-énti (néw-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷínō
  - Ancient Greek: τίνω (tínō), τί̄νω (tí̄nō)
*kʷi-nu-t-
- Proto-Celtic: *kʷinuts (“guilt”)
  - Old Irish: cin
    - Middle Irish: cin (“guilt; payment due, fee”)
      - Classical Gaelic: cion (“guilt; due portion; partiality”)
        Irish: cion (“transgression; share; affection”)
*kʷoy-néh₂
*kʷey-no-s
- Proto-Slavic: *činъ (see there for further descendants)
*kʷéy-ti-s ~ *kʷi-téy-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷítis
  - Ancient Greek: τίσις (tísis)

Root

*kʷey-^[2]^[3]^[4]

to perceive, notice
to fear, revere

Reconstruction notes

Some sources reconstruct this root with a laryngeal *kʷeh₁y-.^[5]

Extensions

Derived terms

*kʷé(h₁)y-e-ti (e-grade thematic root present)
- Proto-Slavic: *čàjati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáHyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáHyati
    - Sanskrit: चायति (cā́yati)^[7]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τίω (tíō, “to esteem, to respect”)
*kʷe-kʷó(h₁)y-e ~ *kʷe-kʷ(h₁)y-ḗr (stative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čikā́ya
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćikā́ya
    - Sanskrit: चिकाय (cikāya)
*kʷih₁-meh₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τῑμή (tīmḗ)
*kʷé(h₁)y-ti-s ~ *kʷ(h₁)i-téy-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čítis
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćítis
    - Sanskrit: चिति (citi, “understanding”), अपचिति (ápa-citi, “reverence”)

Root

*kʷey-^[8]^[9]

to gather, layer

Derived terms

*kʷey-t (root aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háčayt
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háčayt
    - Vedic Sanskrit: अचेत् (acet)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - ⇒ Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬳𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬁 (vīš́iiātā, 3pl.aor.inj.mid.) (+ *wi-)
*kʷi-néw-ti (néw-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čináwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *čináwti
    - Sanskrit: चिनोति (cinoti, “to gather”)^[10] (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *čináwtī
    - Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙- (cinuuaṇt-, present active participle)
    - Northern Kurdish: çinîn (“to reap”), çandin (“to plant”), nijinandin (“to pile, layer”), çîn (“class, layer”)
    - Central Kurdish: چنین (çnîn, “to reap”), چاندن (çandin, “to plant”), نژناندن (nijnandin, “to pile, to build up”), چین (çîn, “class, stratum, flock, layer”)
- Proto-Slavic: *činǫti, *činìti (see there for further descendants)
*kʷoywós
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷoiwós, *kʷoiwéyō
  - Ancient Greek: ποιϝέω (poiwéō, Doric), ποιέω (poiéō)
*kʷóyos
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́yas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́yas
    - Sanskrit: काय (kāya)
*kʷéy-ti-s ~ *kʷi-téy-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čítis
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćítis
    - Sanskrit: चिति (cíti, “a layer”)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čàjati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78: “v. (a)”
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “377”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 198
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 198
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “kʷeyt-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 382-383
^ Monier Williams (1899) “चाय् cāy”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 393, column 2.
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “378”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 418
^ Monier Williams (1899) “चि 1.ci”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 394, column 2.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čàjati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78: “v. (a)”

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “377”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[4] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 198

[5] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 198

[LIV-6] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “kʷeyt-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 382-383

[7] Monier Williams (1899) “चाय् cāy”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 393, column 2.

[8] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “378”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[9] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 418

[10] Monier Williams (1899) “चि 1.ci”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 394, column 2.

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