Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъdorvъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
By surface analysis, *sъ- (“good”) + *dorv-. The exact origin of the second component *dorv- is uncertain:
- Per Meillet: from *sъ̀dorvъ with accent shifted by Dybo's law, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súdarwas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-dʰor-wo-, from *h₁su- (“good”) + *dʰer- (“to support, hold”). *dʰ/*dH is required to avoid Winter's law, which is reflected in Lithuanian ū; thus, favored by Derksen over the *h₁su-dor(H)wo- theory below.[1]
- Related to *dьržati and Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“firm, fixed”): Persian درود, Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua, “healthy”) and possibly Proto-Finnic *terveh (“healthy; whole”).[2]
- From Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-dor(H)wo-, from *h₁su- (“well, good”) + *dóru (“tree, wood”).
- Related to *dervo (“tree, wood”), *drъvo (“tree, (pl.) wood”) and Lithuanian sū́drus (“thick, dense”), Sanskrit सुद्रु (sudrú).[3] Further compare Albanian drenjë, dreng (“strong, healthy”), Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”).
Compare Latin rōbustus (< rōbur), German kerngesund (< Kern).
Adjective
Inflection
Accent paradigm a.
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sъdorvъ | *sъdorva | *sъdorvo |
| genitive | *sъdorva | *sъdorvy | *sъdorva |
| dative | *sъdorvu | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvu |
| accusative | *sъdorvъ | *sъdorvǫ | *sъdorvo |
| instrumental | *sъdorvomь | *sъdorvojǫ | *sъdorvomь |
| locative | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvě |
| vocative | *sъdorve | *sъdorvo | *sъdorvo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *sъdorva | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvě |
| genitive | *sъdorvu | *sъdorvu | *sъdorvu |
| dative | *sъdorvoma | *sъdorvama | *sъdorvoma |
| accusative | *sъdorva | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvě |
| instrumental | *sъdorvoma | *sъdorvama | *sъdorvoma |
| locative | *sъdorvu | *sъdorvu | *sъdorvu |
| vocative | *sъdorva | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *sъdorvi | *sъdorvy | *sъdorva |
| genitive | *sъdorvъ | *sъdorvъ | *sъdorvъ |
| dative | *sъdorvomъ | *sъdorvamъ | *sъdorvomъ |
| accusative | *sъdorvy | *sъdorvy | *sъdorva |
| instrumental | *sъdorvy | *sъdorvami | *sъdorvy |
| locative | *sъdorvěxъ | *sъdorvaxъ | *sъdorvěxъ |
| vocative | *sъdorvi | *sъdorvy | *sъdorva |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sъdorvъjь | *sъdorvaja | *sъdorvoje |
| genitive | *sъdorvajego | *sъdorvyję̇ | *sъdorvajego |
| dative | *sъdorvujemu | *sъdorvěji | *sъdorvujemu |
| accusative | *sъdorvъjь | *sъdorvǫjǫ | *sъdorvoje |
| instrumental | *sъdorvyjimь | *sъdorvǫjǫ | *sъdorvyjimь |
| locative | *sъdorvějemь | *sъdorvěji | *sъdorvějemь |
| vocative | *sъdorvъjь | *sъdorvaja | *sъdorvoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *sъdorvaja | *sъdorvěji | *sъdorvěji |
| genitive | *sъdorvuju | *sъdorvuju | *sъdorvuju |
| dative | *sъdorvyjima | *sъdorvyjima | *sъdorvyjima |
| accusative | *sъdorvaja | *sъdorvěji | *sъdorvěji |
| instrumental | *sъdorvyjima | *sъdorvyjima | *sъdorvyjima |
| locative | *sъdorvuju | *sъdorvuju | *sъdorvuju |
| vocative | *sъdorvaja | *sъdorvěji | *sъdorvěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *sъdorviji | *sъdorvyję̇ | *sъdorvaja |
| genitive | *sъdorvъjixъ | *sъdorvъjixъ | *sъdorvъjixъ |
| dative | *sъdorvyjimъ | *sъdorvyjimъ | *sъdorvyjimъ |
| accusative | *sъdorvyję̇ | *sъdorvyję̇ | *sъdorvaja |
| instrumental | *sъdorvyjimi | *sъdorvyjimi | *sъdorvyjimi |
| locative | *sъdorvyjixъ | *sъdorvyjixъ | *sъdorvyjixъ |
| vocative | *sъdorviji | *sъdorvyję̇ | *sъdorvaja |
See also
Derived terms
- *sъdorvьje (“health”)
- *sъdorviti (“to heal”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “здоровый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “здоровый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 321
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*dervo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 211
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sъdòrvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 478: “adj. o (a) ‘healthy’”
- ^ Holopainen, Sampsa (2020) “Indo-Iranian loanwords in Finnic — a critical overview”, in Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, volume 16.3, 3.2.29. Terve "health, whole", page 649
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “sū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1037
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “sъdorvъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a sund (PR 133; MP 22)”