alka

See also: álka, áłká, alką, -alka, -alką, -ałka, and -ałką

Alungul

Noun

alka (ergative alkant)

  1. spear

Further reading

  • Languages of Cape York: papers presented to the linguistic symposium, part B, held in conjunction with the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Biennial General Meeting, May, 1974 (published 1976)

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈalka]

Noun

alka f

  1. auk

Declension

Declension of alka (hard feminine reducible)
singular plural
nominative alka alky
genitive alky alek
dative alce alkám
accusative alku alky
vocative alko alky
locative alce alkách
instrumental alkou alkami

Derived terms

Further reading

Flinders Island

Noun

alka (ergative alkata)

  1. spear

Further reading

  • Languages of Cape York: papers presented to the linguistic symposium, part B, held in conjunction with the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Biennial General Meeting, May, 1974 (published 1976)

Hungarian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈɒlkɒ]
  • Hyphenation: al‧ka
  • Rhymes: -kɒ

Noun

alka (plural alkák)

  1. razorbill (Alca torda)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative alka alkák
accusative alkát alkákat
dative alkának alkáknak
instrumental alkával alkákkal
causal-final alkáért alkákért
translative alkává alkákká
terminative alkáig alkákig
essive-formal alkaként alkákként
essive-modal — —
inessive alkában alkákban
superessive alkán alkákon
adessive alkánál alkáknál
illative alkába alkákba
sublative alkára alkákra
allative alkához alkákhoz
elative alkából alkákból
delative alkáról alkákról
ablative alkától alkáktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		alkáé alkáké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		alkáéi alkákéi
Possessive forms of alka
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. alkám alkáim
2nd person sing. alkád alkáid
3rd person sing. alkája alkái
1st person plural alkánk alkáink
2nd person plural alkátok alkáitok
3rd person plural alkájuk alkáik

Maltese

Etymology

Eventually from Latin alga.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈal.ka/
  • Audio (Gozo):(file)

Noun

alka f

  1. seaweed

Derived terms

Mapudungun

Noun

alka (Raguileo spelling)

  1. rooster

Synonyms

Adjective

alka (Raguileo spelling)

  1. (grammar) masculine

Usage notes

Used together with the name of certain types of animals to show that they are of the male sex.

References

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Mbariman-Gudhinma

Noun

alka (ergative alkanow)

  1. spear

Further reading

  • Languages of Cape York: papers presented to the linguistic symposium, part B, held in conjunction with the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Biennial General Meeting, May, 1974 (published 1976)

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Noun

alka m or f

  1. definite feminine singular of alke

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse alka.

Noun

alka f (definite singular alka, indefinite plural alker or alkor, definite plural alkene or alkone)

  1. (pre-2012) alternative form of alke
  2. definite singular of alke

Etymology 2

Perhaps derived from Middle Low German.

Alternative forms

Verb

alka (present tense alkar, past tense alka, past participle alka, passive infinitive alkast, present participle alkande, imperative alka/alk)

  1. to pig, to make a mess

Etymology 3

Compare dialectal Swedish ulka (“to start growling”).

Alternative forms

Verb

alka (present tense alkar, past tense alka, past participle alka, passive infinitive alkast, present participle alkande, imperative alka/alk)

  1. to vex

Anagrams

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *alkǭ.

Noun

alka f (genitive ǫlku)

  1. auk

Declension

Declension of alka (weak ōn-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative alka alkan ǫlkur ǫlkurnar
accusative ǫlku ǫlkuna ǫlkur ǫlkurnar
dative ǫlku ǫlkunni ǫlkum ǫlkunum
genitive ǫlku ǫlkunnar alkna alknanna

Descendants

Descendants
  • Icelandic: álka
    • → English: auk
  • Faroese: álka
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: alke, alka; (dialectal) ålke
  • Swedish: alka
    • → Dutch: alk
    • → German: Alk
  • Danish: alke
    • Norwegian Bokmål: alke
  • →⇒ Irish: falcóg

Anagrams

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from New Latin alca,[1] from Old Norse alka,[2] from Proto-Germanic *alkǭ. First attested in 1779.[3]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈal.ka/
  • Audio 1:(file)
  • Audio 2:(file)
  • Rhymes: -alka
  • Syllabification: al‧ka

Noun

alka f

  1. auk, razorbill (any of several species of Arctic sea birds of the family Alcidae)

Declension

Declension of alka
singular plural
nominative alka alki
genitive alki alk
dative alce alkom
accusative alkę alki
instrumental alką alkami
locative alce alkach
vocative alko alki

References

  1. ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “alka”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
  2. ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “alka”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
  3. ^ Krzysztof Kluk (1779) Zwierząt domowych i dzikich osobliwie kraiowych historyi naturalney początki i gospodarstwo: A, 2 O ptastwie‎[1] (in Polish), volume 2, page 68

Further reading

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حلقه (halka), from Arabic حَلْقَة (ḥalqa).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /âːlka/
  • Hyphenation: al‧ka

Noun

ȃlka f (Cyrillic spelling а̑лка)

  1. metal ring
  2. door knocker
  3. tilting at the ring (game)

Declension

Declension of alka
singular plural
nominative ȃlka alke
genitive alke ȃlkī
dative àlci/ȃlki alkama
accusative alku alke
vocative alko alke
locative alci / alki alkama
instrumental alkom alkama

Slovak

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈaɫka/

Noun

alka f (genitive singular alky, nominative plural alky, genitive plural álk, aliek, declension pattern of žena)

  1. auk

Declension

Declension of alka
singular plural
nominative alka alky
genitive alky álk, aliek
dative alke alkám
accusative alku alky
locative alke alkách
instrumental alkou alkami

Derived terms

  • alka malá (razorbill)
  • alka veľká (great auk, garefowl)

References

  • “alka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse alka

Noun

alka c

  1. auk; bird in the family Alcidae

Declension

Declension of alka
nominative genitive
singular indefinite alka alkas
definite alkan alkans
plural indefinite alkor alkors
definite alkorna alkornas

Anagrams

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alkadak.

Pronunciation

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈɑlkɑː/, [ˈɑɫkɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlkɑː
  • Hyphenation: al‧ka

Verb

alka

  1. to begin, to start

Inflection

Conjugation of alka (type III-3/anta, k-g gradation)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular algõn en algõ 1st singular õõn alkõnnu en õõ alkõnnu
2nd singular algõd ed algõ 2nd singular õõd alkõnnu ed õõ alkõnnu
3rd singular algõb eb algõ 3rd singular on alkõnnu eb õõ alkõnnu
1st plural algõmmõ emmä algõ 1st plural õõmmõ alkõnnu emmä õõ alkõnnu
2nd plural algõttõ että algõ 2nd plural õõttõ alkõnnu että õõ alkõnnu
3rd plural algõta eväd algõ 3rd plural õlla algõttu eväd õõ algõttu
impersonal algõta eväd algõ impersonal õlla algõttu eväd õõ algõttu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular algin en alkõnnu 1st singular õlin alkõnnu —
2nd singular algid ed alkõnnu 2nd singular õlid alkõnnu —
3rd singular alki eb alkõnnu 3rd singular õli alkõnnu —
1st plural algimmõ emmä alkõnnu 1st plural õlimmõ alkõnnu —
2nd plural algittõ että alkõnnu 2nd plural õlittõ alkõnnu —
3rd plural algõtti eväd algõttu 3rd plural õlti algõttu —
impersonal algõtti eväd algõttu impersonal õlti algõttu —
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular alkaizin en alkaizʹ 1st singular õllõizin alkõnnu en õllõizʹ alkõnnu
2nd singular alkaizid ed alkaizʹ 2nd singular õllõizid alkõnnu ed õllõizʹ alkõnnu
3rd singular alkaizʹ eb alkaizʹ 3rd singular õllõizʹ alkõnnu eb õllõizʹ alkõnnu
1st plural alkaizimmõ emmä alkaizʹ 1st plural õllõizimmõ alkõnnu emmä õllõizʹ alkõnnu
2nd plural alkaizittõ että alkaizʹ 2nd plural õllõizittõ alkõnnu että õllõizʹ alkõnnu
3rd plural algõttaizʹ eväd algõttaizʹ 3rd plural õltaizʹ algõttu eväd õltaizʹ algõttu
impersonal algõttaizʹ eväd algõttaizʹ impersonal õltaizʹ algõttu eväd õltaizʹ algõttu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular algõ elä algõ
3rd singular alkõgo1) elko alkõgo1)
1st plural — —
2nd plural alkõga elka alkõga
3rd plural alkõgod1) —
impersonal — —
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
1st alka present alkõjõ2) —
2nd illative alkõma past alkõnnu algõttu
inessive alkõmõz 1) using la is more common
2) also used as the agent noun
elative alkõmõssõ
abessive alkõmõttõ

References

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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