boc

See also: Appendix:Variations of "boc"

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pre-Roman, possibly from Old High German boc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-.

Pronunciation

Noun

boc m (plural bocs)

  1. buck, he-goat, male goat
    Synonym: cabró
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Bock.

Pronunciation

Noun

boc m (plural bocs)

  1. pint glass, half-liter jug

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bɔk/
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

boc m (plural bocs)

  1. (Norman dialect) type of horse-drawn carriage

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish boc (“he-goat”) (compare modern poc), from Proto-Celtic *bukkos.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bˠok/[1], [bˠʌk][2], [bˠɔk][3]

Noun

boc m (genitive singular boic, nominative plural boic)

  1. fellow, bloke, guy, dude
  2. (archaic) buck, he-goat

Declension

Declension of boc (first declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative boc boic
vocative a bhoic a bhoca
genitive boic boc
dative boc boic
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an boc na boic
genitive an bhoic na mboc
dative leis an mboc
don bhoc 		leis na boic

Synonyms

  • (buck, he-goat): poc

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of boc
radical lenition eclipsis
boc bhoc mboc

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], page 307
  2. ^ Stockman, Gerard (1974) The Irish of Achill, Co. Mayo (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 2), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, section 970, page 100
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 411, page 135

Further reading

Middle Dutch

Etymology

Inherited from Old Dutch buc

Noun

boc m

  1. buck, billygoat, he-goat, male goat

Inflection

Strong masculine noun
singular plural
nominative boc bocke
accusative boc bocke
genitive bocs bocke
dative bocke bocken

Alternative forms

Descendants

  • Dutch: bok (see there for further descendants)
  • Limburgish: bók
  • West Flemish: buk

Further reading

  • “boc”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “buc (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page buc

Middle English

Noun

boc

  1. alternative form of bok

Old English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /boːk/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *bōks, whence also Old Frisian bōk (West Frisian boek), Old Saxon bōk (Low German Book), Dutch boek, Old High German buoh (German Buch), Old Norse bók (Danish bog, Norwegian bok), Swedish bok), Gothic 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰 (bōka). The Germanic root is often taken to be related to the word for beech, the wood of rune-tablets.

Noun

bōc f

  1. book
    • c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice
      Littera is stæf on englisċ and is sē lǣsta dǣl on bōcum and untōdǣledlīċ.
      Littera means letter in English and is the indivisible and smallest part of books.
Declension

Strong consonant stem:

singular plural
nominative bōc bēċ
accusative bōc bēċ
genitive bēċ, bōce bōca
dative bēċ bōcum
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *bōkō.

Noun

bōc f

  1. beech
    Synonyms: bōctrēow, bēċe
Declension

Strong ō-stem:

singular plural
nominative bōc bōca, bōce
accusative bōce bōca, bōce
genitive bōce bōca
dative bōce bōcum

Old High German

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, whence also Old English buc, Old Norse bukkr; from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”).

Noun

boc m

  1. buck, male deer

Descendants

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • bocc

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bukkos.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [bok]

Noun

boc m (genitive buic, nominative plural buic)

  1. he-goat
    • c. 850-875, Turin Glosses and Scholia on St Mark, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 484–94, Tur. 110c
      Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.
      It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.

Declension

Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative boc, bocc bocL, bocc buic(c)L
vocative buic(c) bocL, bocc buccuH
accusative bocN, bocc bocL, bocc buccuH
genitive buic(c)L boc, bocc bocN, bocc
dative buc(c)L bocaib bocaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Irish: boc
  • Scottish Gaelic: boc

Mutation

Mutation of boc
radical lenition nasalization
boc boc
pronounced with /β-/		 mboc

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Old Saxon

Noun

boc f

  1. alternative spelling of bok

Romanian

Etymology

Unknown.

Noun

boc n (plural bocuri)

  1. sound of a hammer

Declension

Declension of boc
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative boc bocul bocuri bocurile
genitive-dative boc bocului bocuri bocurilor
vocative bocule bocurilor

References

  • boc in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle Irish boc, from Old Irish boc, poc(c) (“he-goat”), from Proto-Celtic *bukkos.

Noun

boc m (genitive singular buic, plural buic)

  1. buck, roebuck
  2. billygoat, he-goat, male goat
Derived terms
  • boc glas (“large dogfish; shark”)
  • boc-Bealltainn (“wild or unmanageable entire horse”)
  • boc-caol
  • boc-cluigeineach (“bell-wether”)
  • boc-dheamhan (“satyr”)
  • boc-dubh Innseanach (“Indian blackbuck”)
  • boc-earba
  • boc-gobhai
  • boc-goibhre (“he-goat, billy goat”)
  • boc-maighich (“buck-hare”)
  • boc-roin (“prawn; shrimp”)
  • boc-ruadh
  • boc-saic (“snipe”)
  • boc-seang
  • bocan (“small buck”)
  • fear-boc (“roebuck”)
  • laos-boc (“castrated goat, wether goat”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

boc (past bhoc, future bocaidh, verbal noun bocadh, past participle bocte)

  1. bounce, leap / jump (up and down), skip
  2. prance
  3. flutter
Derived terms
  • boc-thonn (“breaker (wave)”)

Noun

boc m

  1. deceit, fraud
  2. blow, box, stroke

References

  1. ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
  2. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1941) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. II: The dialects of Skye and Ross-shire, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  3. ^ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “boc”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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