buk
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Page categories
Translingual
Symbol
buk
See also
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Bukawa terms
English
Etymology
Noun
buk (plural buks)
Further reading
- Buk (drum) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Achang
Etymology
Seemingly borrowed from English book.
Pronunciation
- (Myanmar) /buk˧/
Noun
buk
Usage notes
Probably only used in Myanmar.
Further reading
- Inglis, Douglas, Sampu, Nasaw, Jaseng, Wilai, Jana, Thocha (2005) A preliminary Ngochang–Kachin–English Lexicon[1], Payap University, page 14
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch bukken, from Middle Dutch bucken, from Old Dutch *bukken, from Proto-Germanic *bukkijaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bœk/
Verb
buk (present buk, present participle bukkende, past participle gebuk)
Blagar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /buk/
Noun
buk
References
- H. Steinhauer, "Going" and "Coming" in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura--Alor--Indonesia) (1977)
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bukъ, apparently from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech tree”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbuk]
Noun
buk m inan (diminutive bouček)
- beech (beech tree)
Declension
Derived terms
Further reading
- “buk”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “buk”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “buk”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
Danish
Noun
buk
Dupaningan Agta
Noun
buk
- head hair
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ʏk
Verb
buk
- inflection of bukken:
- first-person singular present indicative
- (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
- imperative
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /buːk/
Audio: (file)
Verb
buk
- first/third-person singular preterite of backen
Usage notes
Sometimes treated as weak verb (backte). See backen.
Iban
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *buək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək, from Proto-Austronesian *bukəS.
Noun
buk
Ida'an
Etymology
Noun
buk
References
- Nelleke Elisabeth Goudswaard, The Begak (Ida'an) language of Sabah (2005)
Indonesian
Etymology 1
Onomatopoeic.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈbuk/ [ˈbʊk̚]
- Rhymes: -uk
- Syllabification: buk
Noun
buk (plural buk-buk)
- thud, bam; a sound of a large ripe fruit or heavy object falling to the ground
- Synonyms: debuk, gedebuk
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈbuʔ/ [ˈbʊʔ]
- Rhymes: -uʔ
- Syllabification: buk
Noun
buk
- (vocative, informal) alternative form of ibu (“mother; madam”)
Etymology 3
From Dutch boek (“to book”) or English book (“to book”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈbuk/ [ˈbʊk̚]
- Rhymes: -uk
- Syllabification: buk
Verb
buk
Derived terms
- mengebuk
Further reading
- “buk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Jamaican Creole
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʊk/
Noun
buk (plural buk dem, quantified buk)
Further reading
- buk at majstro.com
- buk on the Jamaican Creole Wikipedia.Wikipedia jam
Javanese
Alternative forms
- Carakan: ꦧꦸꦏ꧀
- Roman: boek (dated)
Etymology
Borrowed from Dutch boek (“book”).
Noun
buk (krama ngoko buk)
- alternative spelling of buku
References
- The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2011) “buk”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), 2nd edition, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN
Karo Batak
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək, from Proto-Austronesian *bukəS.
Noun
buk
- hair (filament which grows on the human head)
References
- Ahmad Samin Siregar et al. (2001). Kamus Bahasa Karo–Indonesia. Medan: Balai Pustaka, p. 30.
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *bukъ. Cognate with Upper Sorbian buk, Polish buk, Czech buk, Russian бук (buk), and Serbo-Croatian bȕkva.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /buk/
Noun
buk m inan
- beech (tree of genus Fagus)
- (specifically) European beech, Fagus sylvatica
Declension
Further reading
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “buk”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “buk”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Maguindanao
Noun
buk
- head hair
Middle English
Etymology 1
Noun
buk
- alternative form of bok (“book”)
Etymology 2
Noun
buk
- alternative form of bouk (“belly”)
Etymology 3
Noun
buk
- alternative form of bukke (“buck”)
Middle Low German
Etymology
From Old Saxon būk, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, body”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /buːk/
Noun
bûk m (genitive bukes, dative buke)
Synonyms
Nigerian Pidgin
Noun
buk
North Frisian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Frisian bōk, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Compare West Frisian boek.
Noun
buk n (plural buken)
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Noun
buk m (definite singular buken, indefinite plural buker, definite plural bukene)
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
- “buk” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Noun
buk m (definite singular buken, indefinite plural bukar, definite plural bukane)
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
- “buk” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Frisian
Noun
būk m
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | būk | būkar, būka |
| accusative | būk | būkar, būka |
| genitive | būkes | būka |
| dative | būke | būkum, būkem |
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bukъ. First attested in 1398.
Pronunciation
Noun
buk m animacy unattested (related adjective bukowy)
- (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) common beech (Fagus sylvatica)
- 1856-1870 [1398], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki[2], volume VIII, number 7586:
- Pro CCC arboribus buk
- [Pro CCC arboribus buk]
- 1868 [1451], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego[3], volume XII (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 210:
- Ubicunąue fagus al. buk seu szyr fructum dederit in silvis regalibus
- [Ubicunąue fagus al. buk seu żyr fructum dederit in silvis regalibus]
- 1868 [1460], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego[4], volume VIII (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 137:
- In quo scopulo stat arbor dicta fagus al. buk
- [In quo scopulo stat arbor dicta fagus al. buk]
- 1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[6], number 10832:
- Buk fagus
- [Buk fagus]
- 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[7], number 220:
- Buk faginula
- [Buk faginula]
- c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 49v:
- Fagus est quedam arbor eyn buchenbawme bvk
- [Fagus est quedam arbor eyn buchenbawme buk]
- 1861 [1422], Józef Przyborowski, editor, Vetustissimam adiectivorum linguae Polonae declinationem monumentis ineditis illustravit, Greater Poland, page 16:
- Ty dwa kona, *czosme wsal Jaroszeuiczu oth buku tym wsal w prawem
- [Ty dwa konia, cośm wziął Jaroszewiczu ot buku, tym wziął w prawem]
- (hapax legomenon) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 73:
- Buk buxus
- [Buk buxus]
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
References
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “buk”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “buk”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “buk”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “buk”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- K. Nitsch, editor (1954), “buk”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 176
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “buk”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “buk”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish buk.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbuk/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈbuk/
- (Lesser Poland):
- (Przemyśl) IPA(key): [ˈbuk]
- (Borderlands):
- (Southern Borderlands) IPA(key): [ˈbuk]
Noun
buk m inan (diminutive buczek, related adjective bukowy)
- beech (any tree of the genus Fagus)
- (Przemyśl, Southern Boderlands, Kamianets-Podilskyi) thick stick; club
- Hypernym: kij
- (Przemyśl) hit, blow
- Synonym: uderzenie
Declension
Noun
buk m inan
Declension
Derived terms
Further reading
- buk in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- buk in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- buk in PWN's encyclopedia
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “buk”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Jadwiga Chotkowska (27.09.2012) “BUK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “buk”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “buk”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “buk”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 230
- Jan Karłowicz (1900) “buk”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 135
- buk in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
- Aleksander Saloni (1908) “buk”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 332
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From bȕka.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bûːk/
Noun
bȗk m inan (Cyrillic spelling бу̑к)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | bȗk | bȕkovi/bȗci |
| genitive | buka | bukova/buka |
| dative | buku | bukovima/bucima |
| accusative | buk | bukove/buke |
| vocative | buče | bukovi/buci |
| locative | buku | bukovima/bucima |
| instrumental | bukom | bukovima/bucima |
References
- “buk”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Silesian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish buk.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbuk/
- Rhymes: -uk
- Syllabification: buk
Noun
buk m inan (diminutive buczek, related adjective bukowy)
Further reading
- buk in silling.org
- Eugeniusz Kosmała (2023) “buk”, in Dykcjōnôrz Polsko-Ślonskiy (in Silesian), b, page 120
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish būker, from Old Norse búkr, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw-. Doublet of buga, böja, and bukt.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ʉːk
Noun
buk c
Declension
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | buk | buks |
| definite | buken | bukens | |
| plural | indefinite | bukar | bukars |
| definite | bukarna | bukarnas |
Derived terms
References
- buk in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- buk in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- buk in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- Svensk MeSH
- buk in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Anagrams
Tok Pisin
Etymology
Noun
buk
Descendants
Volapük
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /buk/
Noun
buk (nominative plural buks)
- book
- 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 15:
- Buk, keli elegivol obe, binon jönik.
- The book you have given to me is beautiful.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | buk | buks |
| genitive | buka | bukas |
| dative | buke | bukes |
| accusative | buki | bukis |
| vocative 1 | o buk! | o buks! |
| predicative 2 | buku | bukus |
1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only
Derived terms
- bukabled
- bukem
- bukeman
- bukemik
- buk fliodik
- bukik
- bukiselidöp
- bukitanädan
- fliodabuk
- lebuk
- vödabuk
See also
- fliod
- gased
West Flemish
Etymology
From Middle Dutch buc, variant of boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bək/
Noun
buk m (plural buks, diminutive buktje)
Yogad
Noun
buk