esforzar
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese esforçar, from Vulgar Latin *exfortiāre, ultimately from Latin fortis (“strong”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [esfoɾˈθaɾ], (western) [esfoɾˈsaɾ]
Verb
esforzar (first-person singular present esforzo, first-person singular preterite esforcei, past participle esforzado)
- (pronominal) to encourage; to exert oneself
- (transitive) to force
- (transitive) to rape
- (transitive, dated) to encourage, strengthen
- (intransitive, dated) to take courage, gather strength
Conjugation
Conjugation of esforzar (c-z alternation)
Derived terms
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “esforçar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “esforç”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “esforzar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “esforzar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “esforzar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *exfortiāre, ultimately from Latin fortis (“strong”). Or, by surface analysis, es- + forzar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /esfoɾˈθaɾ/ [es.foɾˈθaɾ] (Spain)
- IPA(key): /esfoɾˈsaɾ/ [es.foɾˈsaɾ] (Latin America, Philippines)
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: es‧for‧zar
Verb
esforzar (first-person singular present esfuerzo, first-person singular preterite esforcé, past participle esforzado)
- (transitive) to encourage
- (transitive) to strain, struggle
- (reflexive) to strive
- (reflexive) to attempt
Conjugation
Conjugation of esforzar (o-ue alternation; c-z alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
Selected combined forms of esforzar (o-ue alternation; c-z alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive esforzar | dative | esforzarme | esforzarte | esforzarle, esforzarse | esforzarnos | esforzaros | esforzarles, esforzarse |
| accusative | esforzarme | esforzarte | esforzarlo, esforzarla, esforzarse | esforzarnos | esforzaros | esforzarlos, esforzarlas, esforzarse | |
| with gerund esforzando | dative | esforzándome | esforzándote | esforzándole, esforzándose | esforzándonos | esforzándoos | esforzándoles, esforzándose |
| accusative | esforzándome | esforzándote | esforzándolo, esforzándola, esforzándose | esforzándonos | esforzándoos | esforzándolos, esforzándolas, esforzándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative esfuerza | dative | esfuérzame | esfuérzate | esfuérzale | esfuérzanos | not used | esfuérzales |
| accusative | esfuérzame | esfuérzate | esfuérzalo, esfuérzala | esfuérzanos | not used | esfuérzalos, esfuérzalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative esforzá | dative | esforzame | esforzate | esforzale | esforzanos | not used | esforzales |
| accusative | esforzame | esforzate | esforzalo, esforzala | esforzanos | not used | esforzalos, esforzalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative esfuerce | dative | esfuérceme | not used | esfuércele, esfuércese | esfuércenos | not used | esfuérceles |
| accusative | esfuérceme | not used | esfuércelo, esfuércela, esfuércese | esfuércenos | not used | esfuércelos, esfuércelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative esforcemos | dative | not used | esforcémoste | esforcémosle | esforcémonos | esforcémoos | esforcémosles |
| accusative | not used | esforcémoste | esforcémoslo, esforcémosla | esforcémonos | esforcémoos | esforcémoslos, esforcémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative esforzad | dative | esforzadme | not used | esforzadle | esforzadnos | esforzaos | esforzadles |
| accusative | esforzadme | not used | esforzadlo, esforzadla | esforzadnos | esforzaos | esforzadlos, esforzadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative esfuercen | dative | esfuércenme | not used | esfuércenle | esfuércennos | not used | esfuércenles, esfuércense |
| accusative | esfuércenme | not used | esfuércenlo, esfuércenla | esfuércennos | not used | esfuércenlos, esfuércenlas, esfuércense | |
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “esforzar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024