galar
Galician
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡaˈlaɾ/, (western) /ħaˈlaɾ/
Verb
galar (first-person singular present galo, first-person singular preterite galei, past participle galado)
Conjugation
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | galar | |||||
| Personal | galar | galares | galar | galarmos | galardes | galaren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| galando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | galado | galados | ||||
| Feminine | galada | galadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | galo | galas | gala | galamos | galades | galan |
| Imperfect | galaba | galabas | galaba | galabamos | galabades | galaban |
| Preterite | galei | galaches | galou | galamos | galastes | galaron |
| Pluperfect | galara | galaras | galara | galaramos | galarades | galaran |
| Future | galarei | galarás | galará | galaremos | galaredes | galarán |
| Conditional | galaría | galarías | galaría | galariamos | galariades | galarían |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | gale | gales | gale | galemos | galedes | galen |
| Imperfect | galase | galases | galase | galásemos | galásedes | galasen |
| Future | galar | galares | galar | galarmos | galardes | galaren |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | gala | gale | galemos | galade | galen | |
| Negative (non) | non gales | non gale | non galemos | non galedes | non galen | |
1Less recommended.
Etymology 2
Perhaps from Suevic *galan (to sing, to charm spells), from Proto-Germanic *galaną (“to roop, sing, charm”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout, scream, charm away”)
Verb
galar (first-person singular present galo, first-person singular preterite galei, past participle galado)
- (transitive) to bewitch
- Synonyms: enmeigar, enfeitizar
Conjugation
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | galar | |||||
| Personal | galar | galares | galar | galarmos | galardes | galaren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| galando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | galado | galados | ||||
| Feminine | galada | galadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | galo | galas | gala | galamos | galades | galan |
| Imperfect | galaba | galabas | galaba | galabamos | galabades | galaban |
| Preterite | galei | galaches | galou | galamos | galastes | galaron |
| Pluperfect | galara | galaras | galara | galaramos | galarades | galaran |
| Future | galarei | galarás | galará | galaremos | galaredes | galarán |
| Conditional | galaría | galarías | galaría | galariamos | galariades | galarían |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | gale | gales | gale | galemos | galedes | galen |
| Imperfect | galase | galases | galase | galásemos | galásedes | galasen |
| Future | galar | galares | galar | galarmos | galardes | galaren |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | gala | gale | galemos | galade | galen | |
| Negative (non) | non gales | non gale | non galemos | non galedes | non galen | |
1Less recommended.
Related terms
References
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “galar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “galar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “galar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “galar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Irish galar,[2] from Proto-Celtic *galarom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-ro-. Cognate with Welsh galar (“grief”).
Pronunciation
- (Munster) IPA(key): /ˈɡɑl̪ˠəɾˠ/[3], /ˈɡal̪ˠəɾˠ/[4]
- (Connacht)
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈɡælˠəɾˠ/[11], /ˈɡalˠəɾˠ/[11][12][13], /ˈɡɔlˠəɾˠ/[12][13][14]; /ˈɡalˠaɾˠ/[12]
Noun
galar m (genitive singular galair, nominative plural galair)
- (pathology) sickness, illness, disease, infection
- Synonym: othras
- Dhá dtrian galair le hoíche. (proverb)
- The risk of illness is greatest at night; sickness is most intense at night.
- affliction, misery
Declension
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
- galar béil (“thrush”)
- galar breac (“smallpox”)
- galar buí (“jaundice”)
- galar cam
- galar carrach (“scurvy”)
- galar casta (“staggers (in sheep)”)
- galar cleiteach (“moulting”)
- galar creathach (“ague”)
- galar crúibe is béil (“foot-and-mouth disease”)
- galar crupáin
- galar crupánach (“aphosphorosis”)
- galar dubhach
- galar dúchroíoch (“melancholy; melancholia”)
- galar easpa (“deficiency disease”)
- galar gabhálach
- galar garbh (“botts”)
- galar gasta (“flux”)
- galar gnéas-tarchurtha
- galar na gcás (“perplexity”)
- galar Póil (“falling-sickness, epilepsy”)
- galar scrathach (“scab (in sheep)”)
- galar támhach (“catalepsy”)
- galar titimeach
- galar tógálach
- galar trua (“pine disease (in cattle, sheep)”)
- galar véinéireach
- galareagla (“hypochondria”)
- galareaglach
- galarghinteach (“morbific”)
- galrach
- galrachán
- galracht (“sickliness, morbidity”)
- galraigh
- galrú
Mutation
| radical | lenition | eclipsis |
|---|---|---|
| galar | ghalar | ngalar |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
- ^ “galar”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “galar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 38, page 21
- ^ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 191, page 95
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 120
- ^ de Búrca, Seán (1958) The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 314, page 61
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], page 344
- ^ de Búrca, Seán (1958) The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 499 (iv), page 137
- ^ Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968) The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, section 54, page 15
- ^ Stockman, Gerard (1974) The Irish of Achill, Co. Mayo (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 2), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, page 372
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Wagner, Heinrich (1959) Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 164, page 60; reprinted 1979
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Sommerfelt, Alf (1922) The Dialect of Torr, County Donegal, volume I: Phonology, Christiania [Oslo]: Videnskapsselskapet i Kristiania, section 106, page 40
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Hamilton, John Noel (1974) A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 283
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 25, page 13
Further reading
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927) “galar”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 513; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “galar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “galar”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “galar”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
Portuguese
Etymology
From galo + -ar; compare Spanish gallar.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ɡaˈla(ʁ)/ [ɡaˈla(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ɡaˈla(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ɡaˈla(ʁ)/ [ɡaˈla(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ɡaˈla(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɡɐˈlaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ɡɐˈla.ɾi/
- Hyphenation: ga‧lar
Verb
galar (first-person singular present galo, first-person singular preterite galei, past participle galado)
- (transitive) to mate with (a female bird) (of a male bird)
- (transitive, Portugal, colloquial) to ogle
- (transitive, Portugal, colloquial) to woo, to seduce
- (transitive, Brazil, colloquial) to knock up, to get pregnant
- (intransitive, Northeast Brazil, vulgar) to cum
Conjugation
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | galar | |||||
| Personal | galar | galares | galar | galarmos | galardes | galarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| galando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | galado | galados | ||||
| Feminine | galada | galadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | galo | galas | gala | galamos | galais | galam |
| Imperfect | galava | galavas | galava | galávamos | galáveis | galavam |
| Preterite | galei | galaste | galou | galamos1, galámos2 | galastes | galaram |
| Pluperfect | galara | galaras | galara | galáramos | galáreis | galaram |
| Future | galarei | galarás | galará | galaremos | galareis | galarão |
| Conditional | galaria | galarias | galaria | galaríamos | galaríeis | galariam |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | gale | gales | gale | galemos | galeis | galem |
| Imperfect | galasse | galasses | galasse | galássemos | galásseis | galassem |
| Future | galar | galares | galar | galarmos | galardes | galarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | gala | gale | galemos | galai | galem | |
| Negative (não) | não gales | não gale | não galemos | não galeis | não galem | |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
References
- “galar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
- “galar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish galar, from Proto-Celtic *galarom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-ro-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkal̪ˠəɾ/
Noun
galar m (genitive singular galair, plural galaran)
Derived terms
- galar-ceàirde (“occupational disease”)
- galar-fuail (“diabetes”)
- galar-pearraide (“parrot fever, psittacosis”)
Mutation
| radical | lenition |
|---|---|
| galar | ghalar |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh galar, from Proto-Brythonic *galar, from Proto-Celtic *galarom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-ro-. Cognate with Irish galar (“sickness”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɡalar/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɡa(ː)lar/
- Rhymes: -alar
Noun
galar m (plural galarau)
Derived terms
- galargerdd, galargan (“elegy, dirge”)
- galarnad (“lamentation”)
- galaru (“to mourn”)
- galarus (“mournful”)
Mutation
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| galar | alar | ngalar | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “galar”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “galar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies