kapal

kapal (plural kapals)

1. Alternative form of kappal (“ship”).

From Malay kapal, from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”).

kapal

1. ship (large water vessel)

kapal

1. (anatomy) palm

Borrowed from Malay kapal, from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal).

kapal (Balinese script ᬓᬧᬮ᭄)

1. (medya) ship

• Hyphenation: ka‧pal

kapal

1. the yellow-tailed sergeant major (Abudefduf notatus)

• IPA^(key): [ˈkapal]

kapal

1. masculine singular past active participle of kapat

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkapal/ [ˈka.pal]
• Rhymes: -apal
• Syllabification: ka‧pal

From Malay kapal (“ship”), from Classical Malay کاڤل (kapal), from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”). In the third sense, a mistranslation of English ship (“relationship”), from relation + -ship (etymologically unrelated to the noun ship), perhaps also influenced by its phono-semantic match with English couple.

kapal (plural kapal-kapal)

1. ship (a water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat)
2. (chiefly in combination) ship (a vessel which travels through any medium other than across land)
3. (fandom slang) ship (a fictional romantic relationship between two characters)

From Malay kapal (“thickening skin”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).

kapal (plural kapal-kapal)

1. thickening skin; lichenification

• “kapal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kapal”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

kapal

1. romanization of ꦏꦥꦭ꧀

Borrowed from Tagalog kapal.

kapal

1. thick

• Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Borrowed from Malay kapal.

• (Standard Maguindanaon) IPA^(key): /ˈkapal/ [ˈka.pʌɭ]
• Rhymes: -apal
• Syllabification: ka‧pal

kapal

1. ship

• IPA^(key): /ˈkapal/ [ˈka.pal]
• Rhymes: -apal
• Hyphenation: ka‧pal

From Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

kapal (Jawi spelling کاڤل, plural kapal-kapal)

1. A large water vessel; a ship.

   Kapal satu, nakhoda dua ― saying about two lovers fighting in rivalry over a girl (lit. 'a ship with two captains')

   1. (chiefly in combination) Any vessel travelling through any medium other than across land, such as an airship or spaceship.

• Ambonese Malay: kapal
• Indonesian: kapal
  • → Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)
• → Alorese: kapal
• → Balinese: kapal
• → Buginese: kappala'
• → Hokkien: 夾板 / 夹板 (kap-pán)^[1]
• → English: kappal, capel, kapal
• → Javanese: ꦏꦥꦭ꧀ (kapal)
• → Khmer: កប៉ាល់ (kaʼpal)
• → Maguindanao: kapal
• → Maranao: kapal
• → Sundanese: kapal
• → Tboli: kafal
• → Tausug: kappal
• → Thai: กำปั่น (gam-bpàn)
  • → Lao: ກຳປັ່ນ (kam pan)
  • → Khmer: កងព័ន្ធ (kɑɑngpŏənthɔɔ) (possibly)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).

kapal (plural kapal-kapal)

1. Thickening skin; lichenification.

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “کڤل kapal”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 84
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “کڤل kapal”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, pages 522-3
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “kapal”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 508

• “kapal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kapal”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Borrowed from Malay kapal

kapal

1. ship

   Synonyms: bapor, barko, mospil

2. boat

   Synonym: biday

3. vessel

• A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

• capal — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /kaˈpal/ [kɐˈpal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: ka‧pal

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal or Proto-Austronesian *kaS(ə)pal. Compare Indonesian kapal (“thickening skin”) and Malay kapal (“thickening skin”).

kapál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔)

1. thickness
2. multitude; numerousness

   Synonyms: dami, tambak, sagana, damulas, katerba

3. (colloquial, derogatory) ellipsis of kapal ng mukha

   Ang kapal talaga ng hayop na yun!

   The shamelessness of that animal!

Unknown. Possibly related to etymology 1 or an apocope from Malay kepala (“head, source (metaphorical)”), from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “head”).

kapál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔)

1. figure; creation

   Synonyms: likha, lalang, gawa

2. cake out of bread; tart

   Synonym: keyk

   kapal na tinapay ― cake of bread

3. lump made of wax

   kapal na pagkit ― lump of wax

• “kapal”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
• “kapal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[1] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kapal”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kaS(e)pal”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

• kalap, pakla, plaka