neigen
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch neigen, from Old Dutch neigen, from Proto-West Germanic *hnaigijan, from Proto-Germanic *hnaigijaną, the causative of nijgen.
The weak verb adopted most intransitive uses from strong nijgen in modern Dutch, the latter being restricted to “bowing as a sign of respect”. Compare however genegen (“inclined to”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnɛi̯ɣə(n)/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɛi̯ɣən
- Homophone: nijgen
Verb
neigen
Conjugation
Conjugation of neigen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | neigen | |||
past singular | neigde | |||
past participle | geneigd | |||
infinitive | neigen | |||
gerund | neigen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | neig | neigde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | neigt, neig2 | neigde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | neigt | neigde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | neigt | neigde | ||
3rd person singular | neigt | neigde | ||
plural | neigen | neigden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | neige | neigde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | neigen | neigden | ||
imperative sing. | neig | |||
imperative plur.1 | neigt | |||
participles | neigend | geneigd | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
German
Etymology
From a merger of Middle High German nīgen (intransitive, strong) and neigen (transitive, weak), from Old High German nīgan and neigen, from Proto-Germanic *hnīganą and its causative *hnaigijaną.
Cognate with Dutch nijgen and neigen, Old English hnīgan and Old English hnǣgan, Old Norse hnīga and hneiga. Strong forms have been absent from the standard language since the 16th century, but survive in some dialects.
Pronunciation
Verb
neigen (weak, third-person singular present neigt, past tense neigte, past participle geneigt, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to incline, slant, tilt, bend, lower (move something in some direction by bowing or turning slightly)
- Die Sträucher neigen ihre Zweige.
- The shrubs are lowering their twigs.
- (reflexive or intransitive) to incline, slant, lean, bow (intransitive use always requires an adverb of place)
- Die Wand neigt sich.
- The wall is slanting.
- Die Wand neigt (sich) zur Seite. (Here reflexive use may imply the inclination is increasing.)
- The wall is slanting to the side.
- (intransitive) to be inclined, to tend towards, to have a preference for [with zu ‘something’]
- Ich neige zu dieser Lösung.
- I am inclined to this solution.
Conjugation
infinitive | neigen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | neigend | ||||
past participle | geneigt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich neige | wir neigen | i | ich neige | wir neigen |
du neigst | ihr neigt | du neigest | ihr neiget | ||
er neigt | sie neigen | er neige | sie neigen | ||
preterite | ich neigte | wir neigten | ii | ich neigte1 | wir neigten1 |
du neigtest | ihr neigtet | du neigtest1 | ihr neigtet1 | ||
er neigte | sie neigten | er neigte1 | sie neigten1 | ||
imperative | neig (du) neige (du) |
neigt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
Further reading
- “neigen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “neigen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “neigen” in Duden online
- “neigen” in OpenThesaurus.de
Middle Dutch
Etymology
Verb
neigen
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative forms
Descendants
Further reading
- “neighen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “neigen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle High German
Etymology
Inherited from Old High German neigen, from Proto-West Germanic *hnaigijan.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈneɪ̯ɡən/
Verb
neigen (class 2 weak, third-person singular present neiget, past tense neigete, past participle geneiget, auxiliary hān)
Conjugation
infinitive | neigen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | neigennes neigenes | ||||
dative gerund | neigenne neigene | ||||
present participle | neigende | ||||
past participle | geneiget | ||||
auxiliary | hān | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich neige | wir neigen | i | ich neige | wir neigen |
du neigest | ir neiget | du neigest | ir neiget | ||
ër neiget | sie neigent | ër neige | sie neigen | ||
preterite | ich neigete | wir neigeten | ii | ich neigete | wir neigeten |
du neigetest | ir neigetet | du neigetest | ir neigetet | ||
ër neigete | sie neigeten | ër neigete | sie neigeten | ||
imperative | neige (du) | neiget (ir) |
perfect | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
indicative | ich hān geneiget | wir hān geneiget | subjunctive | ich habe geneiget | wir haben geneiget |
du hāst geneiget | ir hāt geneiget | du habest geneiget | ir habet geneiget | ||
ër hāt geneiget | sie hānt geneiget | ër habe geneiget | sie haben geneiget | ||
pluperfect | |||||
indicative | ich habete geneiget | wir habeten geneiget | subjunctive | ich habete geneiget | wir habeten geneiget |
du habetest geneiget | ir habetet geneiget | du habetest geneiget | ir habetet geneiget | ||
ër habete geneiget | sie habeten geneiget | ër habete geneiget | sie habeten geneiget | ||
future i | |||||
infinitive | neigen süln | subjunctive i | ich sul neigen | wir suln neigen | |
du sule neigen | ir sulet neigen | ||||
ër sul neigen | sie suln neigen | ||||
indicative | ich sol neigen | wir sulen neigen | subjunctive ii | ich sölte neigen ich sölde neigen |
wir sölten neigen wir sölden neigen |
du solt neigen | ir sulet neigen | du söltest neigen du söldest neigen |
ir söltet neigen ir söldet neigen | ||
ër sol neigen | sie sulen neigen | ër sölte neigen ër sölde neigen |
sie sölten neigen sie sölden neigen | ||
future ii | |||||
infinitive | geneiget hān süln | subjunctive i | ich sul geneiget hān | wir suln geneiget hān | |
du sule geneiget hān | ir sulet geneiget hān | ||||
ër sul geneiget hān | sie suln geneiget hān | ||||
indicative | ich sol geneiget hān | wir sulen geneiget hān | subjunctive ii | ich sölte geneiget hān ich sölde geneiget hān |
wir sölten geneiget hān wir sölden geneiget hān |
du solt geneiget hān | ir sulet geneiget hān | du söltest geneiget hān du söldest geneiget hān |
ir söltet geneiget hān ir söldet geneiget hān | ||
ër sol geneiget hān | sie sulen geneiget hān | ër sölte geneiget hān ër sölde geneiget hān |
sie sölten geneiget hān sie sölden geneiget hān |
Descendants
- German: neigen
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *hnaigijan.
Verb
neigen
Inflection
infinitive | neigen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | neigo, neigon | neigida |
2nd person singular | neigis | neigidos |
3rd person singular | neigit | neigida |
1st person plural | neigun | neigidon |
2nd person plural | neigit | neigidot |
3rd person plural | neigunt | neigidon |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | neige | neigidi |
2nd person singular | neigis | neigidis |
3rd person singular | neige | neigidi |
1st person plural | neigin | neigidin |
2nd person plural | neigit | neigidit |
3rd person plural | neigin | neigidin |
imperative | present | |
singular | neigi | |
plural | neigit | |
participle | present | past |
neigendi | neigit, gineigit |
Descendants
Further reading
- “nēgen”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *hnaigijan, from Proto-Germanic *hnaigijaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈnei̯ɡen]
Verb
neigen
Conjugation
infinitive | neigen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | neigu | neigta |
2nd person singular | neigis, neigist | neigtōs, neigtōst |
3rd person singular | neigit | neigta |
1st person plural | neigem, neigemēs | neigtum, neigtumēs |
2nd person plural | neiget | neigtut |
3rd person plural | neigent | neigtun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | neige | neigti |
2nd person singular | neigēs, neigēst | neigtīs, neigtīst |
3rd person singular | neige | neigti |
1st person plural | neigēm, neigēn, neigemēs | neigtīm, neigtīn, neigtīmēs |
2nd person plural | neigēt | neigtīt |
3rd person plural | neigēn | neigtīn |
imperative | present | |
singular | neigi | |
plural | neiget | |
participle | present | past |
neigenti | gineigt |