perficio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *perifakjō. Equivalent to per- (“through, along; during”) +‎ faciō (“do, make”).

Pronunciation

Verb

perficiō (present infinitive perficere, perfect active perfēcī, supine perfectum); third conjugation iō-variant

  1. to finish, complete
    Synonyms: perpetrō, dēfungor, cōnficiō, agō, cumulō, absolvō, inclūdō, claudō, conclūdō, condō, expleō, fungor, peragō, efficiō, patrō, nāvō, exsequor, trānsigō, gerō, prōflīgō, perferō, persolvō, exhauriō
    • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:
      Prorogatum et M. Marcello, ut pro consule in Sicilia reliqua belli perficeret eo exercitu quem haberet: […]
      And the military command of Marcus Marcellus was also extended, so that he could finish the rest of the war in Sicily as proconsul with his army which he held […]
  2. to perfect
  3. to carry out, execute, perform
  4. to achieve, accomplish
  5. (by extension) to bring about, cause, effect
  6. (vulgar) to finish; to come to completion (to ejaculate)
    • Capitol. Max. 4, 7.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of perficiō (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present perficiō perficis perficit perficimus perficitis perficiunt
imperfect perficiēbam perficiēbās perficiēbat perficiēbāmus perficiēbātis perficiēbant
future perficiam perficiēs perficiet perficiēmus perficiētis perficient
perfect perfēcī perfēcistī perfēcit perfēcimus perfēcistis perfēcērunt,
perfēcēre
pluperfect perfēceram perfēcerās perfēcerat perfēcerāmus perfēcerātis perfēcerant
future perfect perfēcerō perfēceris perfēcerit perfēcerimus perfēceritis perfēcerint
passive present perficior perficeris,
perficere 		perficitur perficimur perficiminī perficiuntur
imperfect perficiēbar perficiēbāris,
perficiēbāre 		perficiēbātur perficiēbāmur perficiēbāminī perficiēbantur
future perficiar perficiēris,
perficiēre 		perficiētur perficiēmur perficiēminī perficientur
perfect perfectus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect perfectus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect perfectus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present perficiam perficiās perficiat perficiāmus perficiātis perficiant
imperfect perficerem perficerēs perficeret perficerēmus perficerētis perficerent
perfect perfēcerim perfēcerīs perfēcerit perfēcerīmus perfēcerītis perfēcerint
pluperfect perfēcissem perfēcissēs perfēcisset perfēcissēmus perfēcissētis perfēcissent
passive present perficiar perficiāris,
perficiāre 		perficiātur perficiāmur perficiāminī perficiantur
imperfect perficerer perficerēris,
perficerēre 		perficerētur perficerēmur perficerēminī perficerentur
perfect perfectus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect perfectus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — perfice — — perficite —
future — perficitō perficitō — perficitōte perficiuntō
passive present — perficere — — perficiminī —
future — perficitor perficitor — — perficiuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present perficere perficī perficiēns —
future perfectūrum esse perfectum īrī perfectūrus perficiendus,
perficiundus
perfect perfēcisse perfectum esse — perfectus
future perfect — perfectum fore — —
perfect potential perfectūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
perficiendī perficiendō perficiendum perficiendō perfectum perfectū

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Asturian: perfacer
  • French: parfaire
  • Italian: perfare
  • Portuguese: perfazer
  • → English: perfect

References

  • “perficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “perficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • perficio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to bring to the highest perfection: perficere et absolvere
    • to terminate a war (by force of arms and defeat of one's opponents): bellum conficere, perficere
  • perficio in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
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