ruga

Borrowed from Latin rūga (“a crease in the face, wrinkle”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹuː.ɡə/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -uːɡə

ruga (plural rugae)

1. (anatomy, zootomy, botany, usually in the plural) A fold, crease or wrinkle.
   • 1980, Joseph Kenneth Jonathan, The Isotima-complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), page 83:

     Female: Face subpolished, weakly rugose, rugae somewhat diverging, at sides sparsely and shallowly punctate; […]

   • 1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon:

     the deadly water-snakes coil’d together like the Rugæ of a single great Brain, the gray and even illumination from the Sky

• rugate (adjective)

• “ruga”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “ruga”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

• Guar., Gura, Urga, gaur, guar, ragu, ragù

• IPA^(key): /ˈruɡa/ [ˈɾʊɡʌ]
• Hyphenation: ru‧ga

rúga m (plural rugaagí f)

1. male calf

• (diminutive) rugáytu

• IPA^(key): /ruˈɡa/ [ɾʊˈɡʌ]
• Hyphenation: ru‧ga

rugá f (plural rugaagí f)

1. female calf

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 183
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈru.ɣə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈru.ɣa]

ruga f (plural rugues)

1. alternative form of arruga (“wrinkle”)

From Latin ruga, from Proto-Indo-European *krewp- (“to become encrusted”), extension of *krew- (“scab”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -uɡa
• Hyphenation: rù‧ga

ruga f (plural rughe)

1. wrinkle, line

• rugoso

• ragù, urga

• IPA^(key): /ɾuɣa/

ruga (infinitive kũruga)

1. to cook

(Nouns)

• mũrugi class 1

(Verbs)

• kũrugĩra

(Proverbs)

• mũndũ ũtathiaga oigaga no nyina ũrugaga wega

• Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).

From Proto-Italic *rougā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁roug-h₂- (“wrinkle”), related to *h₁rewg- (“to roar, belch”), where the sense development would be "to belch" → "to undulate"^[1] → "to be rugged" → "crease, wrinkle".^[2] Compare ructo (“I belch, bring up noisily”). For the development to “street”, compare also rupta via (literally “path made by force”).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈruː.ɡa]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈruː.ɡa]

rūga f (genitive rūgae); first declension

1. (usually in the plural) a crease in the face, wrinkle
2. (transferred sense) a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind
   1. a female screw (nut (that fits on a bolt)) (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
3. (Early Medieval Latin) a street^[3]

First-declension noun.

• corrūgis
• rūgō (verb)
• rūgōsus (adjective)

• “ruga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ruga”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "ruga", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “ruga”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -uɡa
• Syllabification: ru‧ga

Deverbal from rugać.

ruga f

1. (colloquial) scolding, slating (criticism)

   Synonym: reprymenda

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

ruga

1. third-person singular present of rugać

• ruga in Polish dictionaries at PWN

From Latin ruga. Doublet of rua (“street”).

• Hyphenation: ru‧ga

ruga f (plural rugas)

1. wrinkle
2. crease

• rugoso

ruga

1. inflection of rugar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Inherited from Latin rogāre, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-, ablaut of *h₃reǵ-.

• IPA^(key): /ruˈɡa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: ru‧ga

a ruga (third-person singular present roagă, past participle rugat, third-person subjunctive roage) 1st conjugation

1. (transitive or (obsolete) reflexive) to ask politely, to say please

   Rugăm pasagerii să își pună centurile de siguranță.

   We ask the passengers to fasten their seatbelts.

2. (reflexive) to pray [with dative or la ‘to’]
3. (reflexive, informal) to insistently, repeatedly or demeaningly ask, beg [with de ‘of’]

   Se roagă de colegi să îi dea tema.

   He is begging his classmates to give him the homework.

   Nu pot să îmi achit datoria acum; va trebui să mă rog de creditori să mă amâne.

   I cannot pay off my debt now; I will have to beg the creditors to grant me an extension.

The request is expressed with a secondary clause and never with a prepositional object.

• rugare

• rugăciune
• rugăminte
• rugător

• mă rog
• te rog
• vă rog

• “ruga”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2025

• rua, arruga, orruga

From Latin rūga.

ruga f (plural rugas)

1. street

• eruga, berruca, arruga, ferruga, orruca, verruga, ruda, rugaruga

From Latin eruca.

ruga f (plural rugas)

1. caterpillar

• mamaruga f, maniposa f, babbaliscu m, cabagasu m, mariavolavola m

ruga

1. inflection of rugar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

From Proto-Finnic *ruka

ruga

1. resin

Inflection of ruga (inflection type 6/kuva)
nominative sing.	ruga
genitive sing.	rugan
partitive sing.	rugad
partitive plur.	rugid
	singular	plural
nominative	ruga	rugad
accusative	rugan	rugad
genitive	rugan	rugiden
partitive	rugad	rugid
essive-instructive	rugan	rugin
translative	rugaks	rugikš
inessive	rugas	rugiš
elative	rugaspäi	rugišpäi
illative	rugaha	rugihe
adessive	rugal	rugil
ablative	rugalpäi	rugilpäi
allative	rugale	rugile
abessive	rugata	rugita
comitative	ruganke	rugidenke
prolative	rugadme	rugidme
approximative I	ruganno	rugidenno
approximative II	rugannoks	rugidennoks
egressive	rugannopäi	rugidennopäi
terminative I	rugahasai	rugihesai
terminative II	rugalesai	rugilesai
terminative III	rugassai	—
additive I	rugahapäi	rugihepäi
additive II	rugalepäi	rugilepäi

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “смола”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika