stimulus

Borrowed from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”).

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

stimulus (plural stimuluses or stimuli)

1. An external phenomenon that has an influence on a system, by triggering or modifying an internal phenomenon; for example, a spur or incentive that drives a person to take action or change behaviour.

   an economic stimulus

   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 174:

     From the beginning of the show to the end, vanity is the sole stimulus and reward of action—vanity, that never looks beyond the present.

   • 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times‎^[1]:

     Democrats, meanwhile, point out that Republicans seem to have made a conscious decision, beginning with the stimulus, to oppose anything the president put forward, dooming any chance of renewed cooperation between the parties.

2. (physiology, psychology, medicine) Something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response, or that affects any of the sensory apparatuses.
   • 2002, Kim Burchiel, Surgical Management of Pain, Thieme, →ISBN, page 44:

     Even light nonpainful stimuli can provoke or exacerbate spontaneous pain; this is not limited to tactile, thermal, or vibratory stimuli, because auditory, visual, olfactory, and visceral stimuli also may be problematic.

3. (botany, entomology) A stinging part on the body of a plant or insect.
   • 1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 15:

     Many plants, like many animals, are furnished with arms for their protection; these are either aculei, prickles […] ; or stimuli, stings, as in the nettles, which are armed with a venomous fluid for the annoyance of naked animals.

• (anything that may have an impact or influence): influence; impetus, impulse, spur

From Latin stimulus.

stimulus c (singular definite stimulussen, plural indefinite stimuli)

1. a stimulus
   1. incentive, encouragement

• stimulere

• “stimulus” in Den Danske Ordbog

Borrowed from Latin stimulus.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsti.my.lʏs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: sti‧mu‧lus

stimulus m (plural stimuli, diminutive stimulusje n)

1. stimulus

stimulus

1. conditional of stimuli

Borrowed from Latin stimulus.

• IPA^(key): /sti.my.lys/

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

stimulus m (plural stimulus or stimuli)

1. stimulus

• “stimulus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

From Dutch stimulus, from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”).

• IPA^(key): [stiˈmulʊs], [sə̆tiˈmulʊs]
• Hyphenation: sti‧mu‧lus

stimulus (plural stimulus-stimulus)

1. stimulus

   Synonym: perangsang

• “stimulus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)tey- (“sharp object”) that might also be found in stilus, stīva. This could be an unextended variant of the same root found in *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”),^[1] the source of Ancient Greek στίζω (stízō, “I mark”), although De Vaan is skeptical of the connection.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈstɪ.mʊ.ɫʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈst̪iː.mu.lus]

stimulus m (genitive stimulī); second declension

1. a goad, prick
2. a sting
3. (figuratively) stimulus, incentive

Second-declension noun.

• stimulātiō
• stimulō

Borrowings:

• “stimulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “stimulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "stimulus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• stimulus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be spurred on by ambition: stimulis gloriae concitari
    
  • to spur, urge a person on: calcaria alicui adhibere, admovere; stimulos alicui admovere
    
• “stimulus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

From Latin.

stimulus m (definite singular stimulus, indefinite plural stimuli, definite plural stimuliene)

1. a stimulus

• By a 1995 spelling decision, Norsk språkråd permitted the regular plural forms stimuluser and stimulusene.^[1] These are scarcely used.

• stimulere

• “stimulus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “stimulus” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

From Latin.

stimulus m (plural stimulusen)

1. a stimulus

• By a 1995 spelling decision, Norsk språkråd permitted the regular plural forms stimulusar and stimulusane.^[1] These are scarcely used.

• stimulere

• “stimulus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “stimulus”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

stimulus c or n

1. (physiology, psychology, medicine) stimulus

"Economic stimulus" is "ekonomisk stimulans."

• stimulans
• stimulera

• stimulus in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• stimulus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• stimulus in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)