tha
Translingual
Etymology
Symbol
tha
See also
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Thai terms
English
Etymology 1
In parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire where [aʊ] became [aː] and then shortened in an unstressed thou.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ða/, lengthened to /ðaː/ only when stressed.
- Rhymes: -ɑː
Pronoun
tha
- (Northern England, dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of thou.
- 1937, Homer, The Odyssey:
- " […] Stay thee where tha bist, sit down on thi property; what's the sense of wanderen over the barren sea and maybe happenen an accident?"
Etymology 2
Article
tha
- (US, African-American Vernacular) Eye dialect spelling of the.
- Synonym: da
Anagrams
Anguthimri
Verb
tha
- (Mpakwithi) tie
References
- Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004), page 415
Caolan
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
tha
Fingallian
Etymology
From Middle English þe, from Old English þē m (“the, that”, demonstrative pronoun).
Article
tha
Mbariman-Gudhinma
Verb
tha
References
- Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004), page 415
Old Dutch
Adverb
thā
- then
References
- Dr. Tack P, Proeve van Oudnederfrankische Grammatica, 84.
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Middle Irish at·tá, from Old Irish at·tá. Cognate with Irish tá and Manx ta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ha/, (emphatic) /haː/
- (Harris) IPA(key): /hɑ/, (emphatic) /hɑː/
- Hyphenation: tha
Verb
tha
- independent present of bi: am, is, are
- Tha mi pòsda. ― I'm married.
- Tha mi à Colbhasa. ― I am from Colonsay.
- Tha mi a' smaoineachadh gu bheil. ― I am thinking so.
- Tha thu fadalach. ― You are late.
- Tha an duine anns an taigh. ― The man is in the house.
- Tha duine anns an taigh. ― There is a man in the house.
- Tha daoine anns an taigh. ― There are men in the house.
Usage notes
- Tha is used as an affirmative answer to questions formed with bheil or eil:
- A bheil thu toilichte? —Tha. ― Are you happy? —Yes.
- When linking the subject of a sentence with a complement consisting of a noun phrase ("somebody is somebody", "somebody is something", "something is something"), the verb is is used:
- Tha mise anns an t-seòmar. ― I am in the room.
- Is mise Dòmhnall. ― I am Donald.
References
- Edward Dwelly (1911) “tha”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- Colin Mark (2003) “bi”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 75
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “attá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
South Slavey
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [θà(ʔ)]
- Hyphenation: tha
Noun
tha (stem -dha-)
Inflection
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | sedhaá | naxedhaá | |
2nd person | nedhaá | ||
3rd person | 1) | — | gidhaá |
2) | medhaá | godhaá | |
4th person | yedhaá | ||
reflexive | sp. | ɂededhaá | kededhaá |
unsp. | dedhaá | ||
reciprocal | — | ɂełedhaá | |
indefinite | ɂedhaá | ||
areal | godhaá |
1) Used when the subject is a group of human beings
and the object is singular.
2) Used when the previous condition does not apply.
References
- Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 38
Tày
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [tʰaː˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [tʰaː˦˥]
Noun
References
- Dương Nhật Thanh, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][2] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]
- Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][3][4] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 赦 (SV: xá). See also thả.
Verb
- to forgive
- trời không dung, đất không tha ― the act in question is abhorrently egregious / the person in question has committed an unforgivable act (literally, “the sky doesn't tolerate, the earth doesn't forgive”)
- to let go out of police custody or detention
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Sino-Vietnamese word from 拖.
Verb
- (of animals) to carry with the mouth
- Cọp tha mồi.
- The tiger drags its prey.
- (of people) to drag a nuisance around or to bring it to where it is not wanted
- Sao cứ tha ba cái đồ nhôm nhựa về nhà nhỉ !?
- Why the hell do you keep bringing scrap back home!?
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θa/
Preposition
tha
- alternative form of fatha (“like”)
Adverb
tha
- alternative form of fatha (“kind of”)
Yola
Article
tha
- alternative form of a (“the”)
- 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 3:
- Thaay paaced awi up to tha Cross o Shad
- They paced away up to the Cross of the Shad,
References
- Kathleen A. Browne (1927) “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)[5], volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 132
Zulu
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ta (“to call”).
Verb
-thá
Inflection
positive | negative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ukutha | ukungathi | ||||
imperative | ||||||
simple | + object concord | |||||
singular | yitha | -the | ||||
plural | yithani | -theni | ||||
present | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngiyatha, ngitha | engithayo, engitha | ngitha | angithi | engingathi | ngingathi |
2nd singular | uyatha, utha | othayo, otha | utha | awuthi | ongathi | ungathi |
1st plural | siyatha, sitha | esithayo, esitha | sitha | asithi | esingathi | singathi |
2nd plural | niyatha, nitha | enithayo, enitha | nitha | anithi | eningathi | ningathi |
class 1 | uyatha, utha | othayo, otha | etha | akathi | ongathi | engathi |
class 2 | bayatha, batha | abathayo, abatha | betha | abathi | abangathi | bengathi |
class 3 | uyatha, utha | othayo, otha | utha | awuthi | ongathi | ungathi |
class 4 | iyatha, itha | ethayo, etha | itha | ayithi | engathi | ingathi |
class 5 | liyatha, litha | elithayo, elitha | litha | alithi | elingathi | lingathi |
class 6 | ayatha, atha | athayo, atha | etha | awathi | angathi | engathi |
class 7 | siyatha, sitha | esithayo, esitha | sitha | asithi | esingathi | singathi |
class 8 | ziyatha, zitha | ezithayo, ezitha | zitha | azithi | ezingathi | zingathi |
class 9 | iyatha, itha | ethayo, etha | itha | ayithi | engathi | ingathi |
class 10 | ziyatha, zitha | ezithayo, ezitha | zitha | azithi | ezingathi | zingathi |
class 11 | luyatha, lutha | oluthayo, olutha | lutha | aluthi | olungathi | lungathi |
class 14 | buyatha, butha | obuthayo, obutha | butha | abuthi | obungathi | bungathi |
class 15 | kuyatha, kutha | okuthayo, okutha | kutha | akuthi | okungathi | kungathi |
class 17 | kuyatha, kutha | okuthayo, okutha | kutha | akuthi | okungathi | kungathi |
recent past | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngithile, ngithē | engithile, engithē | ngithile, ngithē | angithanga | engingathanga | ngingathanga |
2nd singular | uthile, uthē | othile, othē | uthile, uthē | awuthanga | ongathanga | ungathanga |
1st plural | sithile, sithē | esithile, esithē | sithile, sithē | asithanga | esingathanga | singathanga |
2nd plural | nithile, nithē | enithile, enithē | nithile, nithē | anithanga | eningathanga | ningathanga |
class 1 | uthile, uthē | othile, othē | ethile, ethē | akathanga | ongathanga | engathanga |
class 2 | bathile, bathē | abathile, abathē | bethile, bethē | abathanga | abangathanga | bengathanga |
class 3 | uthile, uthē | othile, othē | uthile, uthē | awuthanga | ongathanga | ungathanga |
class 4 | ithile, ithē | ethile, ethē | ithile, ithē | ayithanga | engathanga | ingathanga |
class 5 | lithile, lithē | elithile, elithē | lithile, lithē | alithanga | elingathanga | lingathanga |
class 6 | athile, athē | athile, athē | ethile, ethē | awathanga | angathanga | engathanga |
class 7 | sithile, sithē | esithile, esithē | sithile, sithē | asithanga | esingathanga | singathanga |
class 8 | zithile, zithē | ezithile, ezithē | zithile, zithē | azithanga | ezingathanga | zingathanga |
class 9 | ithile, ithē | ethile, ethē | ithile, ithē | ayithanga | engathanga | ingathanga |
class 10 | zithile, zithē | ezithile, ezithē | zithile, zithē | azithanga | ezingathanga | zingathanga |
class 11 | luthile, luthē | oluthile, oluthē | luthile, luthē | aluthanga | olungathanga | lungathanga |
class 14 | buthile, buthē | obuthile, obuthē | buthile, buthē | abuthanga | obungathanga | bungathanga |
class 15 | kuthile, kuthē | okuthile, okuthē | kuthile, kuthē | akuthanga | okungathanga | kungathanga |
class 17 | kuthile, kuthē | okuthile, okuthē | kuthile, kuthē | akuthanga | okungathanga | kungathanga |
remote past | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngātha | engātha | ngātha | angithanga | engingathanga | ngingathanga |
2nd singular | wātha | owātha | wātha | awuthanga | ongathanga | ungathanga |
1st plural | sātha | esātha | sātha | asithanga | esingathanga | singathanga |
2nd plural | nātha | enātha | nātha | anithanga | eningathanga | ningathanga |
class 1 | wātha | owātha | ātha | akathanga | ongathanga | engathanga |
class 2 | bātha | abātha | bātha | abathanga | abangathanga | bengathanga |
class 3 | wātha | owātha | wātha | awuthanga | ongathanga | ungathanga |
class 4 | yātha | eyātha | yātha | ayithanga | engathanga | ingathanga |
class 5 | lātha | elātha | lātha | alithanga | elingathanga | lingathanga |
class 6 | ātha | ātha | ātha | awathanga | angathanga | engathanga |
class 7 | sātha | esātha | sātha | asithanga | esingathanga | singathanga |
class 8 | zātha | ezātha | zātha | azithanga | ezingathanga | zingathanga |
class 9 | yātha | eyātha | yātha | ayithanga | engathanga | ingathanga |
class 10 | zātha | ezātha | zātha | azithanga | ezingathanga | zingathanga |
class 11 | lwātha | olwātha | lwātha | aluthanga | olungathanga | lungathanga |
class 14 | bātha | obātha | bātha | abuthanga | obungathanga | bungathanga |
class 15 | kwātha | okwātha | kwātha | akuthanga | okungathanga | kungathanga |
class 17 | kwātha | okwātha | kwātha | akuthanga | okungathanga | kungathanga |
potential | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngingatha | — | ngingatha | ngingethe | — | ngingethe |
2nd singular | ungatha | — | ungatha | ungethe | — | ungethe |
1st plural | singatha | — | singatha | singethe | — | singethe |
2nd plural | ningatha | — | ningatha | ningethe | — | ningethe |
class 1 | angatha | — | engatha | angethe | — | engethe |
class 2 | bangatha | — | bengatha | bangethe | — | bengethe |
class 3 | ungatha | — | ungatha | ungethe | — | ungethe |
class 4 | ingatha | — | ingatha | ingethe | — | ingethe |
class 5 | lingatha | — | lingatha | lingethe | — | lingethe |
class 6 | angatha | — | engatha | angethe | — | engethe |
class 7 | singatha | — | singatha | singethe | — | singethe |
class 8 | zingatha | — | zingatha | zingethe | — | zingethe |
class 9 | ingatha | — | ingatha | ingethe | — | ingethe |
class 10 | zingatha | — | zingatha | zingethe | — | zingethe |
class 11 | lungatha | — | lungatha | lungethe | — | lungethe |
class 14 | bungatha | — | bungatha | bungethe | — | bungethe |
class 15 | kungatha | — | kungatha | kungethe | — | kungethe |
class 17 | kungatha | — | kungatha | kungethe | — | kungethe |
immediate future | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngizokutha | engizokutha | ngizokutha | angizukutha | engingezukutha | ngingezukutha |
2nd singular | uzokutha | ozokutha | uzokutha | awuzukutha | ongezukutha | ungezukutha |
1st plural | sizokutha | esizokutha | sizokutha | asizukutha | esingezukutha | singezukutha |
2nd plural | nizokutha | enizokutha | nizokutha | anizukutha | eningezukutha | ningezukutha |
class 1 | uzokutha | ozokutha | ezokutha | akazukutha | ongezukutha | engezukutha |
class 2 | bazokutha | abazokutha | bezokutha | abazukutha | abangezukutha | bengezukutha |
class 3 | uzokutha | ozokutha | uzokutha | awuzukutha | ongezukutha | ungezukutha |
class 4 | izokutha | ezokutha | izokutha | ayizukutha | engezukutha | ingezukutha |
class 5 | lizokutha | elizokutha | lizokutha | alizukutha | elingezukutha | lingezukutha |
class 6 | azokutha | azokutha | ezokutha | awazukutha | angezukutha | engezukutha |
class 7 | sizokutha | esizokutha | sizokutha | asizukutha | esingezukutha | singezukutha |
class 8 | zizokutha | ezizokutha | zizokutha | azizukutha | ezingezukutha | zingezukutha |
class 9 | izokutha | ezokutha | izokutha | ayizukutha | engezukutha | ingezukutha |
class 10 | zizokutha | ezizokutha | zizokutha | azizukutha | ezingezukutha | zingezukutha |
class 11 | luzokutha | oluzokutha | luzokutha | aluzukutha | olungezukutha | lungezukutha |
class 14 | buzokutha | obuzokutha | buzokutha | abuzukutha | obungezukutha | bungezukutha |
class 15 | kuzokutha | okuzokutha | kuzokutha | akuzukutha | okungezukutha | kungezukutha |
class 17 | kuzokutha | okuzokutha | kuzokutha | akuzukutha | okungezukutha | kungezukutha |
remote future | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngiyokutha | engiyokutha | ngiyokutha | angiyukutha | engingeyukutha | ngingeyukutha |
2nd singular | uyokutha | oyokutha | uyokutha | awuyukutha | ongeyukutha | ungeyukutha |
1st plural | siyokutha | esiyokutha | siyokutha | asiyukutha | esingeyukutha | singeyukutha |
2nd plural | niyokutha | eniyokutha | niyokutha | aniyukutha | eningeyukutha | ningeyukutha |
class 1 | uyokutha | oyokutha | eyokutha | akayukutha | ongeyukutha | engeyukutha |
class 2 | bayokutha | abayokutha | beyokutha | abayukutha | abangeyukutha | bengeyukutha |
class 3 | uyokutha | oyokutha | uyokutha | awuyukutha | ongeyukutha | ungeyukutha |
class 4 | iyokutha | eyokutha | iyokutha | ayiyukutha | engeyukutha | ingeyukutha |
class 5 | liyokutha | eliyokutha | liyokutha | aliyukutha | elingeyukutha | lingeyukutha |
class 6 | ayokutha | ayokutha | eyokutha | awayukutha | angeyukutha | engeyukutha |
class 7 | siyokutha | esiyokutha | siyokutha | asiyukutha | esingeyukutha | singeyukutha |
class 8 | ziyokutha | eziyokutha | ziyokutha | aziyukutha | ezingeyukutha | zingeyukutha |
class 9 | iyokutha | eyokutha | iyokutha | ayiyukutha | engeyukutha | ingeyukutha |
class 10 | ziyokutha | eziyokutha | ziyokutha | aziyukutha | ezingeyukutha | zingeyukutha |
class 11 | luyokutha | oluyokutha | luyokutha | aluyukutha | olungeyukutha | lungeyukutha |
class 14 | buyokutha | obuyokutha | buyokutha | abuyukutha | obungeyukutha | bungeyukutha |
class 15 | kuyokutha | okuyokutha | kuyokutha | akuyukutha | okungeyukutha | kungeyukutha |
class 17 | kuyokutha | okuyokutha | kuyokutha | akuyukutha | okungeyukutha | kungeyukutha |
present subjunctive | ||||||
positive | negative | |||||
1st singular | ngithe | ngingathi | ||||
2nd singular | uthe | ungathi | ||||
1st plural | sithe | singathi | ||||
2nd plural | nithe | ningathi | ||||
class 1 | athe | angathi | ||||
class 2 | bathe | bangathi | ||||
class 3 | uthe | ungathi | ||||
class 4 | ithe | ingathi | ||||
class 5 | lithe | lingathi | ||||
class 6 | athe | angathi | ||||
class 7 | sithe | singathi | ||||
class 8 | zithe | zingathi | ||||
class 9 | ithe | ingathi | ||||
class 10 | zithe | zingathi | ||||
class 11 | luthe | lungathi | ||||
class 14 | buthe | bungathi | ||||
class 15 | kuthe | kungathi | ||||
class 17 | kuthe | kungathi | ||||
past subjunctive | ||||||
positive | negative | |||||
1st singular | ngatha | ngangatha, angatha, angangatha | ||||
2nd singular | watha | wangatha, awatha, awangatha | ||||
1st plural | satha | sangatha, asatha, asangatha | ||||
2nd plural | natha | nangatha, anatha, anangatha | ||||
class 1 | watha | wangatha, akatha, akangatha | ||||
class 2 | batha | bangatha, abatha, abangatha | ||||
class 3 | watha | wangatha, awatha, awangatha | ||||
class 4 | yatha | yangatha, ayatha, ayangatha | ||||
class 5 | latha | langatha, alatha, alangatha | ||||
class 6 | atha | angatha, awatha, awangatha | ||||
class 7 | satha | sangatha, asatha, asangatha | ||||
class 8 | zatha | zangatha, azatha, azangatha | ||||
class 9 | yatha | yangatha, ayatha, ayangatha | ||||
class 10 | zatha | zangatha, azatha, azangatha | ||||
class 11 | lwatha | lwangatha, alwatha, alwangatha | ||||
class 14 | batha | bangatha, abatha, abangatha | ||||
class 15 | kwatha | kwangatha, akwatha, akwangatha | ||||
class 17 | kwatha | kwangatha, akwatha, akwangatha |
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *-jìta.
Verb
-tha
Inflection
positive | negative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ukutha | ukungathi | ||||
imperative | ||||||
simple | + object concord | |||||
singular | yitha | -the | ||||
plural | yithani | -theni | ||||
present | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngiyatha, ngitha | engithayo, engitha | ngitha | angithi | engingathi | ngingathi |
2nd singular | uyatha, utha | othayo, otha | utha | awuthi | ongathi | ungathi |
1st plural | siyatha, sitha | esithayo, esitha | sitha | asithi | esingathi | singathi |
2nd plural | niyatha, nitha | enithayo, enitha | nitha | anithi | eningathi | ningathi |
class 1 | uyatha, utha | othayo, otha | etha | akathi | ongathi | engathi |
class 2 | bayatha, batha | abathayo, abatha | betha | abathi | abangathi | bengathi |
class 3 | uyatha, utha | othayo, otha | utha | awuthi | ongathi | ungathi |
class 4 | iyatha, itha | ethayo, etha | itha | ayithi | engathi | ingathi |
class 5 | liyatha, litha | elithayo, elitha | litha | alithi | elingathi | lingathi |
class 6 | ayatha, atha | athayo, atha | etha | awathi | angathi | engathi |
class 7 | siyatha, sitha | esithayo, esitha | sitha | asithi | esingathi | singathi |
class 8 | ziyatha, zitha | ezithayo, ezitha | zitha | azithi | ezingathi | zingathi |
class 9 | iyatha, itha | ethayo, etha | itha | ayithi | engathi | ingathi |
class 10 | ziyatha, zitha | ezithayo, ezitha | zitha | azithi | ezingathi | zingathi |
class 11 | luyatha, lutha | oluthayo, olutha | lutha | aluthi | olungathi | lungathi |
class 14 | buyatha, butha | obuthayo, obutha | butha | abuthi | obungathi | bungathi |
class 15 | kuyatha, kutha | okuthayo, okutha | kutha | akuthi | okungathi | kungathi |
class 17 | kuyatha, kutha | okuthayo, okutha | kutha | akuthi | okungathi | kungathi |
recent past | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngithile, ngithē | engithile, engithē | ngithile, ngithē | angithanga | engingathanga | ngingathanga |
2nd singular | uthile, uthē | othile, othē | uthile, uthē | awuthanga | ongathanga | ungathanga |
1st plural | sithile, sithē | esithile, esithē | sithile, sithē | asithanga | esingathanga | singathanga |
2nd plural | nithile, nithē | enithile, enithē | nithile, nithē | anithanga | eningathanga | ningathanga |
class 1 | uthile, uthē | othile, othē | ethile, ethē | akathanga | ongathanga | engathanga |
class 2 | bathile, bathē | abathile, abathē | bethile, bethē | abathanga | abangathanga | bengathanga |
class 3 | uthile, uthē | othile, othē | uthile, uthē | awuthanga | ongathanga | ungathanga |
class 4 | ithile, ithē | ethile, ethē | ithile, ithē | ayithanga | engathanga | ingathanga |
class 5 | lithile, lithē | elithile, elithē | lithile, lithē | alithanga | elingathanga | lingathanga |
class 6 | athile, athē | athile, athē | ethile, ethē | awathanga | angathanga | engathanga |
class 7 | sithile, sithē | esithile, esithē | sithile, sithē | asithanga | esingathanga | singathanga |
class 8 | zithile, zithē | ezithile, ezithē | zithile, zithē | azithanga | ezingathanga | zingathanga |
class 9 | ithile, ithē | ethile, ethē | ithile, ithē | ayithanga | engathanga | ingathanga |
class 10 | zithile, zithē | ezithile, ezithē | zithile, zithē | azithanga | ezingathanga | zingathanga |
class 11 | luthile, luthē | oluthile, oluthē | luthile, luthē | aluthanga | olungathanga | lungathanga |
class 14 | buthile, buthē | obuthile, obuthē | buthile, buthē | abuthanga | obungathanga | bungathanga |
class 15 | kuthile, kuthē | okuthile, okuthē | kuthile, kuthē | akuthanga | okungathanga | kungathanga |
class 17 | kuthile, kuthē | okuthile, okuthē | kuthile, kuthē | akuthanga | okungathanga | kungathanga |
remote past | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngātha | engātha | ngātha | angithanga | engingathanga | ngingathanga |
2nd singular | wātha | owātha | wātha | awuthanga | ongathanga | ungathanga |
1st plural | sātha | esātha | sātha | asithanga | esingathanga | singathanga |
2nd plural | nātha | enātha | nātha | anithanga | eningathanga | ningathanga |
class 1 | wātha | owātha | ātha | akathanga | ongathanga | engathanga |
class 2 | bātha | abātha | bātha | abathanga | abangathanga | bengathanga |
class 3 | wātha | owātha | wātha | awuthanga | ongathanga | ungathanga |
class 4 | yātha | eyātha | yātha | ayithanga | engathanga | ingathanga |
class 5 | lātha | elātha | lātha | alithanga | elingathanga | lingathanga |
class 6 | ātha | ātha | ātha | awathanga | angathanga | engathanga |
class 7 | sātha | esātha | sātha | asithanga | esingathanga | singathanga |
class 8 | zātha | ezātha | zātha | azithanga | ezingathanga | zingathanga |
class 9 | yātha | eyātha | yātha | ayithanga | engathanga | ingathanga |
class 10 | zātha | ezātha | zātha | azithanga | ezingathanga | zingathanga |
class 11 | lwātha | olwātha | lwātha | aluthanga | olungathanga | lungathanga |
class 14 | bātha | obātha | bātha | abuthanga | obungathanga | bungathanga |
class 15 | kwātha | okwātha | kwātha | akuthanga | okungathanga | kungathanga |
class 17 | kwātha | okwātha | kwātha | akuthanga | okungathanga | kungathanga |
potential | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngingatha | — | ngingatha | ngingethe | — | ngingethe |
2nd singular | ungatha | — | ungatha | ungethe | — | ungethe |
1st plural | singatha | — | singatha | singethe | — | singethe |
2nd plural | ningatha | — | ningatha | ningethe | — | ningethe |
class 1 | angatha | — | engatha | angethe | — | engethe |
class 2 | bangatha | — | bengatha | bangethe | — | bengethe |
class 3 | ungatha | — | ungatha | ungethe | — | ungethe |
class 4 | ingatha | — | ingatha | ingethe | — | ingethe |
class 5 | lingatha | — | lingatha | lingethe | — | lingethe |
class 6 | angatha | — | engatha | angethe | — | engethe |
class 7 | singatha | — | singatha | singethe | — | singethe |
class 8 | zingatha | — | zingatha | zingethe | — | zingethe |
class 9 | ingatha | — | ingatha | ingethe | — | ingethe |
class 10 | zingatha | — | zingatha | zingethe | — | zingethe |
class 11 | lungatha | — | lungatha | lungethe | — | lungethe |
class 14 | bungatha | — | bungatha | bungethe | — | bungethe |
class 15 | kungatha | — | kungatha | kungethe | — | kungethe |
class 17 | kungatha | — | kungatha | kungethe | — | kungethe |
immediate future | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngizokutha | engizokutha | ngizokutha | angizukutha | engingezukutha | ngingezukutha |
2nd singular | uzokutha | ozokutha | uzokutha | awuzukutha | ongezukutha | ungezukutha |
1st plural | sizokutha | esizokutha | sizokutha | asizukutha | esingezukutha | singezukutha |
2nd plural | nizokutha | enizokutha | nizokutha | anizukutha | eningezukutha | ningezukutha |
class 1 | uzokutha | ozokutha | ezokutha | akazukutha | ongezukutha | engezukutha |
class 2 | bazokutha | abazokutha | bezokutha | abazukutha | abangezukutha | bengezukutha |
class 3 | uzokutha | ozokutha | uzokutha | awuzukutha | ongezukutha | ungezukutha |
class 4 | izokutha | ezokutha | izokutha | ayizukutha | engezukutha | ingezukutha |
class 5 | lizokutha | elizokutha | lizokutha | alizukutha | elingezukutha | lingezukutha |
class 6 | azokutha | azokutha | ezokutha | awazukutha | angezukutha | engezukutha |
class 7 | sizokutha | esizokutha | sizokutha | asizukutha | esingezukutha | singezukutha |
class 8 | zizokutha | ezizokutha | zizokutha | azizukutha | ezingezukutha | zingezukutha |
class 9 | izokutha | ezokutha | izokutha | ayizukutha | engezukutha | ingezukutha |
class 10 | zizokutha | ezizokutha | zizokutha | azizukutha | ezingezukutha | zingezukutha |
class 11 | luzokutha | oluzokutha | luzokutha | aluzukutha | olungezukutha | lungezukutha |
class 14 | buzokutha | obuzokutha | buzokutha | abuzukutha | obungezukutha | bungezukutha |
class 15 | kuzokutha | okuzokutha | kuzokutha | akuzukutha | okungezukutha | kungezukutha |
class 17 | kuzokutha | okuzokutha | kuzokutha | akuzukutha | okungezukutha | kungezukutha |
remote future | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngiyokutha | engiyokutha | ngiyokutha | angiyukutha | engingeyukutha | ngingeyukutha |
2nd singular | uyokutha | oyokutha | uyokutha | awuyukutha | ongeyukutha | ungeyukutha |
1st plural | siyokutha | esiyokutha | siyokutha | asiyukutha | esingeyukutha | singeyukutha |
2nd plural | niyokutha | eniyokutha | niyokutha | aniyukutha | eningeyukutha | ningeyukutha |
class 1 | uyokutha | oyokutha | eyokutha | akayukutha | ongeyukutha | engeyukutha |
class 2 | bayokutha | abayokutha | beyokutha | abayukutha | abangeyukutha | bengeyukutha |
class 3 | uyokutha | oyokutha | uyokutha | awuyukutha | ongeyukutha | ungeyukutha |
class 4 | iyokutha | eyokutha | iyokutha | ayiyukutha | engeyukutha | ingeyukutha |
class 5 | liyokutha | eliyokutha | liyokutha | aliyukutha | elingeyukutha | lingeyukutha |
class 6 | ayokutha | ayokutha | eyokutha | awayukutha | angeyukutha | engeyukutha |
class 7 | siyokutha | esiyokutha | siyokutha | asiyukutha | esingeyukutha | singeyukutha |
class 8 | ziyokutha | eziyokutha | ziyokutha | aziyukutha | ezingeyukutha | zingeyukutha |
class 9 | iyokutha | eyokutha | iyokutha | ayiyukutha | engeyukutha | ingeyukutha |
class 10 | ziyokutha | eziyokutha | ziyokutha | aziyukutha | ezingeyukutha | zingeyukutha |
class 11 | luyokutha | oluyokutha | luyokutha | aluyukutha | olungeyukutha | lungeyukutha |
class 14 | buyokutha | obuyokutha | buyokutha | abuyukutha | obungeyukutha | bungeyukutha |
class 15 | kuyokutha | okuyokutha | kuyokutha | akuyukutha | okungeyukutha | kungeyukutha |
class 17 | kuyokutha | okuyokutha | kuyokutha | akuyukutha | okungeyukutha | kungeyukutha |
present subjunctive | ||||||
positive | negative | |||||
1st singular | ngithe | ngingathi | ||||
2nd singular | uthe | ungathi | ||||
1st plural | sithe | singathi | ||||
2nd plural | nithe | ningathi | ||||
class 1 | athe | angathi | ||||
class 2 | bathe | bangathi | ||||
class 3 | uthe | ungathi | ||||
class 4 | ithe | ingathi | ||||
class 5 | lithe | lingathi | ||||
class 6 | athe | angathi | ||||
class 7 | sithe | singathi | ||||
class 8 | zithe | zingathi | ||||
class 9 | ithe | ingathi | ||||
class 10 | zithe | zingathi | ||||
class 11 | luthe | lungathi | ||||
class 14 | buthe | bungathi | ||||
class 15 | kuthe | kungathi | ||||
class 17 | kuthe | kungathi | ||||
past subjunctive | ||||||
positive | negative | |||||
1st singular | ngatha | ngangatha, angatha, angangatha | ||||
2nd singular | watha | wangatha, awatha, awangatha | ||||
1st plural | satha | sangatha, asatha, asangatha | ||||
2nd plural | natha | nangatha, anatha, anangatha | ||||
class 1 | watha | wangatha, akatha, akangatha | ||||
class 2 | batha | bangatha, abatha, abangatha | ||||
class 3 | watha | wangatha, awatha, awangatha | ||||
class 4 | yatha | yangatha, ayatha, ayangatha | ||||
class 5 | latha | langatha, alatha, alangatha | ||||
class 6 | atha | angatha, awatha, awangatha | ||||
class 7 | satha | sangatha, asatha, asangatha | ||||
class 8 | zatha | zangatha, azatha, azangatha | ||||
class 9 | yatha | yangatha, ayatha, ayangatha | ||||
class 10 | zatha | zangatha, azatha, azangatha | ||||
class 11 | lwatha | lwangatha, alwatha, alwangatha | ||||
class 14 | batha | bangatha, abatha, abangatha | ||||
class 15 | kwatha | kwangatha, akwatha, akwangatha | ||||
class 17 | kwatha | kwangatha, akwatha, akwangatha |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “tha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “tha”