vif
Translingual
Symbol
vif
See also
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Vili terms
Bavarian
Etymology
From French vif, from Middle French vif, from Old French vif, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”), from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vif/
Adjective
vif (comparative vifer, superlative vifstn) (chiefly Austria)
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French vif, from Old French vif, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”), from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
vif (feminine vive, masculine plural vifs, feminine plural vives)
- (archaic except in set phrases) alive
- Synonyms: vivant, en vie
- mort ou vif ― dead or alive
- lively, brisk
- vivid, bright
- keen, sharp
- (words) poignant, cutting, sharp
- (edges) sharp, jagged
- (medicine) acute, intense, strong
- (feelings, emotions) great, deep
Usage notes
- In the sense “great, deep”, the adjective is placed before the noun, e.g. vif plaisir (“great pleasure”), vive tristesse (“deep sadness”). In all other senses it comes after the noun, e.g. vent vif (“keen wind”), musique vive (“lively music”).
Derived terms
Related terms
Noun
vif m (plural vifs)
- (obsolete) living person
- Synonym: vivant
- flesh, living flesh
- avoir les nerfs à vif ― to be on edge (literally, “to have raw nerves”)
- piquer au vif ― to cut to the quick
- entrer dans le vif du sujet ― to get to the heart of the matter
Further reading
- “vif”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German
Etymology
From French vif, from Middle French vif, from Old French vif, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”), from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /viːf/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -iːf
Adjective
vif (strong nominative masculine singular vifer, not comparable)
Declension
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist vif | sie ist vif | es ist vif | sie sind vif | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | vifer | vife | vifes | vife |
genitive | vifen | vifer | vifen | vifer | |
dative | vifem | vifer | vifem | vifen | |
accusative | vifen | vife | vifes | vife | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der vife | die vife | das vife | die vifen |
genitive | des vifen | der vifen | des vifen | der vifen | |
dative | dem vifen | der vifen | dem vifen | den vifen | |
accusative | den vifen | die vife | das vife | die vifen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein vifer | eine vife | ein vifes | (keine) vifen |
genitive | eines vifen | einer vifen | eines vifen | (keiner) vifen | |
dative | einem vifen | einer vifen | einem vifen | (keinen) vifen | |
accusative | einen vifen | eine vife | ein vifes | (keine) vifen |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist vifer | sie ist vifer | es ist vifer | sie sind vifer | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | viferer | vifere | viferes | vifere |
genitive | viferen | viferer | viferen | viferer | |
dative | viferem | viferer | viferem | viferen | |
accusative | viferen | vifere | viferes | vifere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der vifere | die vifere | das vifere | die viferen |
genitive | des viferen | der viferen | des viferen | der viferen | |
dative | dem viferen | der viferen | dem viferen | den viferen | |
accusative | den viferen | die vifere | das vifere | die viferen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein viferer | eine vifere | ein viferes | (keine) viferen |
genitive | eines viferen | einer viferen | eines viferen | (keiner) viferen | |
dative | einem viferen | einer viferen | einem viferen | (keinen) viferen | |
accusative | einen viferen | eine vifere | ein viferes | (keine) viferen |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist am vifsten | sie ist am vifsten | es ist am vifsten | sie sind am vifsten | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | vifster | vifste | vifstes | vifste |
genitive | vifsten | vifster | vifsten | vifster | |
dative | vifstem | vifster | vifstem | vifsten | |
accusative | vifsten | vifste | vifstes | vifste | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der vifste | die vifste | das vifste | die vifsten |
genitive | des vifsten | der vifsten | des vifsten | der vifsten | |
dative | dem vifsten | der vifsten | dem vifsten | den vifsten | |
accusative | den vifsten | die vifste | das vifste | die vifsten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein vifster | eine vifste | ein vifstes | (keine) vifsten |
genitive | eines vifsten | einer vifsten | eines vifsten | (keiner) vifsten | |
dative | einem vifsten | einer vifsten | einem vifsten | (keinen) vifsten | |
accusative | einen vifsten | eine vifste | ein vifstes | (keine) vifsten |
Further reading
- “vif” in Duden online
- “vif” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “vif” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “vif” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French vif, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”).
Adjective
vif m (feminine singular vifve, masculine plural vifs, feminine plural vifes)
Norman
Etymology
From Old French vif, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”).
Adjective
vif m
Derived terms
Old French
Etymology
From Latin vīvus (“alive, living”).
Adjective
vif m (oblique and nominative feminine singular vive)
Declension
Case | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | subject | vis or less commonly vifs | vive | vif |
oblique | vif | |||
plural | subject | vif | vives | |
oblique | vis or less commonly vifs |
Descendants
Volapük
Noun
vif