φύω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

    From Proto-Hellenic *pʰúyō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuHyéti, from *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, rise up”).[1]

    Cognate with Old Armenian բոյս (boys, “plant”), Sanskrit भवति (bhavati), Avestan 𐬠𐬎 (bu), Latin fuī (“I was”), Old English bēon (English be), Albanian bëj.

    Pronunciation

     

    Verb

    φῠ́ω • (phŭ́ō)

    1. (transitive) to bring forth, produce, generate, cause to grow
    2. (transitive) to beget, bear, give birth to
    3. (intransitive) to grow, arise, spring up
    4. (intransitive, present tense) to become [with adjective]
    5. (intransitive, aorist and perfect)
    6. (copulative) to be by nature [with adjective]
    7. (intransitive) to be naturally disposed to, prone [with infinitive ‘to do’]
    8. (impersonal) It is natural, happens naturally [with infinitive ‘that ...’]
    9. to be one's natural lot [with dative ‘someone's’]

    Inflection

    • Present active, future active, and 1st aorist active are transitive; others are intransitive.
       Present: φῠ́ω, φῠ́ομαι
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative φῠ́ω φῠ́εις φῠ́ει φῠ́ετον φῠ́ετον φῠ́ομεν φῠ́ετε φῠ́ουσῐ(ν)
    subjunctive φῠ́ω φῠ́ῃς φῠ́ῃ φῠ́ητον φῠ́ητον φῠ́ωμεν φῠ́ητε φῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
    optative φῠ́οιμῐ φῠ́οις φῠ́οι φῠ́οιτον φῠοίτην φῠ́οιμεν φῠ́οιτε φῠ́οιεν
    imperative   φῠ́ε φῠέτω φῠ́ετον φῠέτων   φῠ́ετε φῠόντων
    middle/
    passive     		indicative φῠ́ομαι φῠ́ῃ / φῠ́ει φῠ́εται φῠ́εσθον φῠ́εσθον φῠόμεθᾰ φῠ́εσθε φῠ́ονται
    subjunctive φῠ́ωμαι φῠ́ῃ φῠ́ηται φῠ́ησθον φῠ́ησθον φῠώμεθᾰ φῠ́ησθε φῠ́ωνται
    optative φῠοίμην φῠ́οιο φῠ́οιτο φῠ́οισθον φῠοίσθην φῠοίμεθᾰ φῠ́οισθε φῠ́οιντο
    imperative   φῠ́ου φῠέσθω φῠ́εσθον φῠέσθων   φῠ́εσθε φῠέσθων
    active middle/passive
    infinitive φῠ́ειν φῠ́εσθαι
    participle m φῠ́ων φῠόμενος
    f φῠ́ουσᾰ φῠομένη
    n φῠ́ον φῠόμενον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Imperfect: ἔφῠον, ἐφῠόμην
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative ἔφῠον ἔφῠες ἔφῠε(ν) ἐφῠ́ετον ἐφῠέτην ἐφῠ́ομεν ἐφῠ́ετε ἔφῠον
    middle/
    passive     		indicative ἐφῠόμην ἐφῠ́ου ἐφῠ́ετο ἐφῠ́εσθον ἐφῠέσθην ἐφῠόμεθᾰ ἐφῠ́εσθε ἐφῠ́οντο
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Future: φῡ́σω, φῡ́σομαι
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative φῡ́σω φῡ́σεις φῡ́σει φῡ́σετον φῡ́σετον φῡ́σομεν φῡ́σετε φῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
    optative φῡ́σοιμῐ φῡ́σοις φῡ́σοι φῡ́σοιτον φῡσοίτην φῡ́σοιμεν φῡ́σοιτε φῡ́σοιεν
    middle indicative φῡ́σομαι φῡ́σῃ / φῡ́σει φῡ́σεται φῡ́σεσθον φῡ́σεσθον φῡσόμεθᾰ φῡ́σεσθε φῡ́σονται
    optative φῡσοίμην φῡ́σοιο φῡ́σοιτο φῡ́σοισθον φῡσοίσθην φῡσοίμεθᾰ φῡ́σοισθε φῡ́σοιντο
    active middle
    infinitive φῡ́σειν φῡ́σεσθαι
    participle m φῡ́σων φῡσόμενος
    f φῡ́σουσᾰ φῡσομένη
    n φῦσον φῡσόμενον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Future: φυήσω, φυήσομαι (Koine)
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative φυήσω φυήσεις φυήσει φυήσετον φυήσετον φυήσομεν φυήσετε φυήσουσῐ(ν)
    optative φυήσοιμῐ φυήσοις φυήσοι φυήσοιτον φυησοίτην φυήσοιμεν φυήσοιτε φυήσοιεν
    middle indicative φυήσομαι φυήσῃ / φυήσει φυήσεται φυήσεσθον φυήσεσθον φυησόμεθᾰ φυήσεσθε φυήσονται
    optative φυησοίμην φυήσοιο φυήσοιτο φυήσοισθον φυησοίσθην φυησοίμεθᾰ φυήσοισθε φυήσοιντο
    active middle
    infinitive φυήσειν φυήσεσθαι
    participle m φυήσων φυησόμενος
    f φυήσουσᾰ φυησομένη
    n φυῆσον φυησόμενον
       Aorist: ἔφῡσᾰ, ἐφῡσᾰ́μην
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative ἔφῡσᾰ ἔφῡσᾰς ἔφῡσε(ν) ἐφῡ́σᾰτον ἐφῡσᾰ́την ἐφῡ́σᾰμεν ἐφῡ́σᾰτε ἔφῡσᾰν
    subjunctive φῡ́σω φῡ́σῃς φῡ́σῃ φῡ́σητον φῡ́σητον φῡ́σωμεν φῡ́σητε φῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
    optative φῡ́σαιμῐ φῡ́σειᾰς / φῡ́σαις φῡ́σειε(ν) / φῡ́σαι φῡ́σαιτον φῡσαίτην φῡ́σαιμεν φῡ́σαιτε φῡ́σειᾰν / φῡ́σαιεν
    imperative   φῦσον φῡσᾰ́τω φῡ́σᾰτον φῡσᾰ́των   φῡ́σᾰτε φῡσᾰ́ντων
    middle indicative ἐφῡσᾰ́μην ἐφῡ́σω ἐφῡ́σᾰτο ἐφῡ́σᾰσθον ἐφῡσᾰ́σθην ἐφῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐφῡ́σᾰσθε ἐφῡ́σᾰντο
    subjunctive φῡ́σωμαι φῡ́σῃ φῡ́σηται φῡ́σησθον φῡ́σησθον φῡσώμεθᾰ φῡ́σησθε φῡ́σωνται
    optative φῡσαίμην φῡ́σαιο φῡ́σαιτο φῡ́σαισθον φῡσαίσθην φῡσαίμεθᾰ φῡ́σαισθε φῡ́σαιντο
    imperative   φῦσαι φῡσᾰ́σθω φῡ́σᾰσθον φῡσᾰ́σθων   φῡ́σᾰσθε φῡσᾰ́σθων
    active middle
    infinitive φῦσαι φῡ́σᾰσθαι
    participle m φῡ́σᾱς φῡσᾰ́μενος
    f φῡ́σᾱσᾰ φῡσᾰμένη
    n φῦσᾰν φῡσᾰ́μενον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Aorist: ἔφῡν
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative ἔφῡν ἔφῡς ἔφῡ ἔφῡτον ἐφῡ́την ἔφῡμεν ἔφῡτε ἔφῡσᾰν
    subjunctive φῠ́ω φῠ́ῃς φῠ́ῃ φῠ́ητον φῠ́ητον φῠ́ωμεν φῠ́ωτε φῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
    optative                
    imperative   φῦθῐ φῡ́τω φῦτον φῡ́των   φῦτε φῡ́ντων
    middle indicative                
    subjunctive                
    optative                
    imperative                
    active middle
    infinitive φῦναι
    participle m φῡ́ς
    f φῦσᾰ
    n φῠ́ν
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Aorist: φῦν (Epic)
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative φῦν φῦς φῦ φῦτον φῡ́την φῦμεν φῦτε φῦσᾰν
    middle indicative                
    Notes:
    Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Aorist: ἐφῠ́ην (Koine)
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    passive indicative ἐφῠ́ην ἐφῠ́ης ἐφῠ́η ἐφῠ́ητον ἐφῠήτην ἐφῠ́ημεν ἐφῠ́ητε ἐφῠ́ησᾰν
    subjunctive φῠῶ φῠῇς φῠῇ φῠῆτον φῠῆτον φῠῶμεν φῠῆτε φῠῶσῐ(ν)
    optative φῠείην φῠείης φῠείη φῠεῖτον / φῠείητον φῠείτην / φῠειήτην φῠεῖμεν / φῠείημεν φῠεῖτε / φῠείητε φῠεῖεν / φῠείησᾰν
    imperative   φῠ́ηθῐ φῠήτω φῠ́ητον φῠήτων   φῠ́ητε φῠέντων
    passive
    infinitive φῠῆναι
    participle m φῠείς
    f φῠεῖσᾰ
    n φῠέν
       Perfect: πέφῡκᾰ
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative πέφῡκᾰ πέφῡκᾰς πέφῡκε(ν) πεφῡ́κᾰτον πεφῡ́κᾰτον πεφῡ́κᾰμεν πεφῡ́κᾰτε πεφῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
    subjunctive πεφῡ́κω πεφῡ́κῃς πεφῡ́κῃ πεφῡ́κητον πεφῡ́κητον πεφῡ́κωμεν πεφῡ́κητε πεφῡ́κωσῐ(ν)
    optative πεφῡ́κοιμῐ / πεφῡκοίην πεφῡ́κοις / πεφῡκοίης πεφῡ́κοι / πεφῡκοίη πεφῡ́κοιτον πεφῡκοίτην πεφῡ́κοιμεν πεφῡ́κοιτε πεφῡ́κοιεν
    imperative   πέφῡκε πεφῡκέτω πεφῡ́κετον πεφῡκέτων   πεφῡ́κετε πεφῡκόντων
    active
    infinitive πεφῡκέναι
    participle m πεφῡκώς
    f πεφῡκυῖᾰ
    n πεφῡκός
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Pluperfect: ἐπεφῡ́κειν / ἐπεφῡ́κη
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative ἐπεφῡ́κειν / ἐπεφῡ́κη ἐπεφῡ́κεις / ἐπεφῡ́κης ἐπεφῡ́κει(ν) ἐπεφῡ́κετον ἐπεφῡκέτην ἐπεφῡ́κεμεν ἐπεφῡ́κετε ἐπεφῡ́κεσᾰν
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Pluperfect: πεφῡ́κειν / πεφῡ́κη (Epic)
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative πεφῡ́κειν / πεφῡ́κη πεφῡ́κεις / πεφῡ́κης πεφῡ́κει(ν) πεφῡ́κετον πεφῡκέτην πεφῡ́κεμεν πεφῡ́κετε πεφῡ́κεσᾰν
    Notes:
    Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

    Derived terms

    References

    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φύομαι)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1597-8

    Further reading

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