пека
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Church Slavonic пещи (pešti), from Proto-Slavic *peťi. Cognate with Russian печь (pečʹ), Latin coquō (whence English cook), Ancient Greek πέσσω (péssō), and Sanskrit पचति (pacati).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pɛˈkɤ]
Verb
пека́ • (peká) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective опека́)
- to bake, to roast, to barbecue, to toast, to bum, to fire
- (of the sun) to scorch, to be hot, to shine hot (on), to beat down (on), (of fire) to warm
Conjugation
Conjugation of пека́ (conjugation 1.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | печа́щ, пече́щ1 pečášt, pečéšt1 |
пе́къл pékǎl |
печа́л, пече́л1 pečál, pečél1 |
пе́чен péčen |
пече́йки pečéjki | |
| definite subject form | печа́щият, пече́щият1 pečáštijat, pečéštijat1 |
пе́клият péklijat |
— | пе́ченият péčenijat | |||
| definite object form | печа́щия, пече́щия1 pečáštija, pečéštija1 |
пе́клия péklija |
— | пе́чения péčenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | печа́ща, пече́ща1 pečášta, pečéšta1 |
пе́кла pékla |
печа́ла, пече́ла1 pečála, pečéla1 |
пе́чена péčena | ||
| definite | печа́щата, пече́щата1 pečáštata, pečéštata1 |
пе́клата péklata |
— | пе́чената péčenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | печа́що, пече́що1 pečášto, pečéšto1 |
пе́кло péklo |
печа́ло, пече́ло1 pečálo, pečélo1 |
пе́чено péčeno |
пе́чене péčene | |
| definite | печа́щото, пече́щото1 pečáštoto, pečéštoto1 |
пе́клото pékloto |
— | пе́ченото péčenoto |
пе́ченето péčeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | печа́щи, пече́щи1 pečášti, pečéšti1 |
пе́кли pékli |
печа́ли, пече́ли1 pečáli, pečéli1 |
пе́чени péčeni |
пе́чения, пе́ченета péčenija, péčeneta | |
| definite | печа́щите, пече́щите1 pečáštite, pečéštite1 |
пе́клите péklite |
— | пе́чените péčenite |
пе́ченията, пе́ченетата péčenijata, péčenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | пека́ peká |
пече́ш pečéš |
пече́ pečé |
пече́м pečém |
пече́те pečéte |
пека́т pekát | |
| imperfect | печа́х, пече́х1 pečáh, pečéh1 |
пече́ше pečéše |
пече́ше pečéše |
печа́хме, пече́хме1 pečáhme, pečéhme1 |
печа́хте, пече́хте1 pečáhte, pečéhte1 |
печа́ха, пече́ха1 pečáha, pečéha1 | |
| aorist | пе́кох pékoh |
пе́че péče |
пе́че péče |
пе́кохме pékohme |
пе́кохте pékohte |
пе́коха pékoha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and печа́л/пече́л1 m, печа́ла/пече́ла1 f, печа́ло/пече́ло1 n, or печа́ли/пече́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and печа́л/пече́л1 m, печа́ла/пече́ла1 f, печа́ло/пече́ло1 n, or печа́ли/пече́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and печа́л/пече́л1 m, печа́ла/пече́ла1 f, печа́ло/пече́ло1 n, or печа́ли/пече́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| печи́ pečí |
пече́те pečéte |
||||||
1Largely fallen into disuse.
Derived terms
References
- “пека”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “пека”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пека”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 130
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpʲekə]
Noun
пе́ка • (péka) m inan
- genitive singular of пек (pek)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Deverbal from пећи.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pêka/
- Hyphenation: пе‧ка
Noun
пе̏ка f (Latin spelling pȅka)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | пе̏ка | пеке |
| genitive | пеке | пе̑ка̄ |
| dative | пеки / пеци | пекама |
| accusative | пеку | пеке |
| vocative | пеко | пеке |
| locative | пеки / пеци | пекама |
| instrumental | пеком | пекама |
References
- “пека”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025