شطرنج
Arabic
Etymology
From Early Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ (čatrang), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /čatrang/, “chess”), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga).
Noun
شِطْرَنْج or شَطْرَنْج • (šiṭranj or šaṭranj) m
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | شِطْرَنْج; شَطْرَنْج šiṭranj; šaṭranj |
الشِّطْرَنْج; الشَّطْرَنْج aš-šiṭranj; aš-šaṭranj |
شِطْرَنْج; شَطْرَنْج šiṭranj; šaṭranj |
| nominative | شِطْرَنْجٌ; شَطْرَنْجٌ šiṭranjun; šaṭranjun |
الشِّطْرَنْجُ; الشَّطْرَنْجُ aš-šiṭranju; aš-šaṭranju |
شِطْرَنْجُ; شَطْرَنْجُ šiṭranju; šaṭranju |
| accusative | شِطْرَنْجًا; شَطْرَنْجًا šiṭranjan; šaṭranjan |
الشِّطْرَنْجَ; الشَّطْرَنْجَ aš-šiṭranja; aš-šaṭranja |
شِطْرَنْجَ; شَطْرَنْجَ šiṭranja; šaṭranja |
| genitive | شِطْرَنْجٍ; شَطْرَنْجٍ šiṭranjin; šaṭranjin |
الشِّطْرَنْجِ; الشَّطْرَنْجِ aš-šiṭranji; aš-šaṭranji |
شِطْرَنْجِ; شَطْرَنْجِ šiṭranji; šaṭranji |
Descendants
- Andalusian Arabic: شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)
- → Amharic: ሰንጠረዥ (sänṭäräž)
- → English: shatranj
- → Middle Armenian: սատրինճ (satrinč), սաթրինճ (satʻrinč), սատրիճ (satrič)
- Armenian: սատրինջ (satrinǰ)
- → Persian: شطرنج (šatranj)
- → Russian: шатра́ндж (šatrándž)
- → Swahili: sataranji
North Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj). Hyperforeignized to French phonology by some speakers.
Pronunciation
Noun
شطرنج • (šaṭaranj, šaṭarō̃j) m
Persian
Alternative forms
- چَترَنگ (čatrang) (directly from Middle Persian)
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj, “shatranj, chess”), from Early Classical Persian چَتْرَنْگ (čatrang), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ctlng /čatrang/, “chess”), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ʃat.ˈɾand͡ʒ/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʃät̪.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʃæt̪.ɹǽnd͡ʒ̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʃät̪.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | šatranj |
| Dari reading? | šatranj |
| Iranian reading? | šatranj |
| Tajik reading? | šatranj |
Noun
| Dari | شطرنج |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | шатранҷ |
شَطْرَنْج • (šatranj)
See also
| Chess pieces in Persian · مهرههای شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| شاه (šâh) | وزیر (vazir), فرزین (farzin) |
رخ (rox), قلعه (qal'e) |
فیل (fil) | اسب (asb) | پیاده (piyâde), سرباز (sarbâz) |
Punjabi
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /ʃə.ˈt̪rənd͡ʒᵊ/
- Rhymes: -ənd͡ʒ
Noun
شَطرَنج • (śat̤ranj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj) | شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj) |
| oblique | شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj) | شَطرَنجاں (śat̤ranjāṉ) |
| vocative | شَطرَنجا (śat̤ranjā) | شَطرَنجو (śat̤ranjo) |
| ablative | شَطرَنجوں (śat̤ranjoṉ) | شَطرَنجاں (śat̤ranjāṉ) |
| locative | شَطرَنجے (śat̤ranje) | شَطرَنجِیں (śat̤ranjīṉ) |
| instrumental | شَطرَنجوں (śat̤ranjoṉ) | – |
Synonyms
- چَیسّ (caiss)
References
- “ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
South Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj).
Pronunciation
Noun
شطرنج • (šaṭranj) m
See also
| Chess pieces in South Levantine Arabic · قطع الشطرنج (ʔuṭaʕ iš-šaṭranj) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ملك (malik) | ملكة (malike) | قلعة (ʔalʕa) | وزير (wazīr) | حصان (ḥsān) | جندي (jundi) |
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic شطرنج (šaṭranj), from Early Classical Persian چَتْرَنْگ (čatrang), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ctlng /čatrang/, “chess”), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga, “four parts of an army: king, elephants, horses, foot soldiers”).
Noun
شطرنج • (šatranj) f (Hindi spelling शतरंज)