رخ

See also: رح

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /rax.xa/

Verb

رَخَّ • (raḵḵa) I (non-past يَرُخُّ (yaruḵḵu), verbal noun رَخّ (raḵḵ))

to dilute, to mix with water
to break or crush so as to make soft

Conjugation

Conjugation of **رَخَّ** (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive, verbal noun **رَخّ**)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					رَخّ raḵḵ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					رَاخّ rāḵḵ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَرْخُوخ marḵūḵ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رَخَخْتُ raḵaḵtu	رَخَخْتَ raḵaḵta	رَخَّ raḵḵa	رَخَخْتُمَا raḵaḵtumā	رَخَّا raḵḵā	رَخَخْنَا raḵaḵnā	رَخَخْتُمْ raḵaḵtum	رَخُّوا raḵḵū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	رَخَخْتُ raḵaḵtu	رَخَخْتِ raḵaḵti	رَخَّتْ raḵḵat	رَخَخْتُمَا raḵaḵtumā	رَخَّتَا raḵḵatā	رَخَخْنَا raḵaḵnā	رَخَخْتُنَّ raḵaḵtunna	رَخَخْنَ raḵaḵna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرُخُّ ʔaruḵḵu	تَرُخُّ taruḵḵu	يَرُخُّ yaruḵḵu	تَرُخَّانِ taruḵḵāni	يَرُخَّانِ yaruḵḵāni	نَرُخُّ naruḵḵu	تَرُخُّونَ taruḵḵūna	يَرُخُّونَ yaruḵḵūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَرُخُّ ʔaruḵḵu	تَرُخِّينَ taruḵḵīna	تَرُخُّ taruḵḵu	تَرُخَّانِ taruḵḵāni	تَرُخَّانِ taruḵḵāni	نَرُخُّ naruḵḵu	تَرْخُخْنَ tarḵuḵna	يَرْخُخْنَ yarḵuḵna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرُخَّ ʔaruḵḵa	تَرُخَّ taruḵḵa	يَرُخَّ yaruḵḵa	تَرُخَّا taruḵḵā	يَرُخَّا yaruḵḵā	نَرُخَّ naruḵḵa	تَرُخُّوا taruḵḵū	يَرُخُّوا yaruḵḵū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَرُخَّ ʔaruḵḵa	تَرُخِّي taruḵḵī	تَرُخَّ taruḵḵa	تَرُخَّا taruḵḵā	تَرُخَّا taruḵḵā	نَرُخَّ naruḵḵa	تَرْخُخْنَ tarḵuḵna	يَرْخُخْنَ yarḵuḵna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرُخَّ, أَرُخِّ, أَرْخُخْ ʔaruḵḵa, ʔaruḵḵi, ʔarḵuḵ	تَرُخَّ, تَرُخِّ, تَرْخُخْ taruḵḵa, taruḵḵi, tarḵuḵ	يَرُخَّ, يَرُخِّ, يَرْخُخْ yaruḵḵa, yaruḵḵi, yarḵuḵ	تَرُخَّا taruḵḵā	يَرُخَّا yaruḵḵā	نَرُخَّ, نَرُخِّ, نَرْخُخْ naruḵḵa, naruḵḵi, narḵuḵ	تَرُخُّوا taruḵḵū	يَرُخُّوا yaruḵḵū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَرُخَّ, أَرُخِّ, أَرْخُخْ ʔaruḵḵa, ʔaruḵḵi, ʔarḵuḵ	تَرُخِّي taruḵḵī	تَرُخَّ, تَرُخِّ, تَرْخُخْ taruḵḵa, taruḵḵi, tarḵuḵ	تَرُخَّا taruḵḵā	تَرُخَّا taruḵḵā	نَرُخَّ, نَرُخِّ, نَرْخُخْ naruḵḵa, naruḵḵi, narḵuḵ	تَرْخُخْنَ tarḵuḵna	يَرْخُخْنَ yarḵuḵna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		رُخَّ, رُخِّ, اُرْخُخْ ruḵḵa, ruḵḵi, urḵuḵ		رُخَّا ruḵḵā			رُخُّوا ruḵḵū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		رُخِّي ruḵḵī		رُخَّا ruḵḵā			اُرْخُخْنَ urḵuḵna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رُخِخْتُ ruḵiḵtu	رُخِخْتَ ruḵiḵta	رُخَّ ruḵḵa	رُخِخْتُمَا ruḵiḵtumā	رُخَّا ruḵḵā	رُخِخْنَا ruḵiḵnā	رُخِخْتُمْ ruḵiḵtum	رُخُّوا ruḵḵū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	رُخِخْتُ ruḵiḵtu	رُخِخْتِ ruḵiḵti	رُخَّتْ ruḵḵat	رُخِخْتُمَا ruḵiḵtumā	رُخَّتَا ruḵḵatā	رُخِخْنَا ruḵiḵnā	رُخِخْتُنَّ ruḵiḵtunna	رُخِخْنَ ruḵiḵna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرَخُّ ʔuraḵḵu	تُرَخُّ turaḵḵu	يُرَخُّ yuraḵḵu	تُرَخَّانِ turaḵḵāni	يُرَخَّانِ yuraḵḵāni	نُرَخُّ nuraḵḵu	تُرَخُّونَ turaḵḵūna	يُرَخُّونَ yuraḵḵūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُرَخُّ ʔuraḵḵu	تُرَخِّينَ turaḵḵīna	تُرَخُّ turaḵḵu	تُرَخَّانِ turaḵḵāni	تُرَخَّانِ turaḵḵāni	نُرَخُّ nuraḵḵu	تُرْخَخْنَ turḵaḵna	يُرْخَخْنَ yurḵaḵna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرَخَّ ʔuraḵḵa	تُرَخَّ turaḵḵa	يُرَخَّ yuraḵḵa	تُرَخَّا turaḵḵā	يُرَخَّا yuraḵḵā	نُرَخَّ nuraḵḵa	تُرَخُّوا turaḵḵū	يُرَخُّوا yuraḵḵū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُرَخَّ ʔuraḵḵa	تُرَخِّي turaḵḵī	تُرَخَّ turaḵḵa	تُرَخَّا turaḵḵā	تُرَخَّا turaḵḵā	نُرَخَّ nuraḵḵa	تُرْخَخْنَ turḵaḵna	يُرْخَخْنَ yurḵaḵna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرَخَّ, أُرَخِّ, أُرْخَخْ ʔuraḵḵa, ʔuraḵḵi, ʔurḵaḵ	تُرَخَّ, تُرَخِّ, تُرْخَخْ turaḵḵa, turaḵḵi, turḵaḵ	يُرَخَّ, يُرَخِّ, يُرْخَخْ yuraḵḵa, yuraḵḵi, yurḵaḵ	تُرَخَّا turaḵḵā	يُرَخَّا yuraḵḵā	نُرَخَّ, نُرَخِّ, نُرْخَخْ nuraḵḵa, nuraḵḵi, nurḵaḵ	تُرَخُّوا turaḵḵū	يُرَخُّوا yuraḵḵū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُرَخَّ, أُرَخِّ, أُرْخَخْ ʔuraḵḵa, ʔuraḵḵi, ʔurḵaḵ	تُرَخِّي turaḵḵī	تُرَخَّ, تُرَخِّ, تُرْخَخْ turaḵḵa, turaḵḵi, turḵaḵ	تُرَخَّا turaḵḵā	تُرَخَّا turaḵḵā	نُرَخَّ, نُرَخِّ, نُرْخَخْ nuraḵḵa, nuraḵḵi, nurḵaḵ	تُرْخَخْنَ turḵaḵna	يُرْخَخْنَ yurḵaḵna

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /raxx/

Noun

رَخّ • (raḵḵ) m (collective, singulative رَخَّة f (raḵḵa))

light shower

Declension

Declension of noun **رَخّ** (raḵḵ)
collective	basic collective triptote
collective	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رَخّ raḵḵ	الرَّخّ ar-raḵḵ	رَخّ raḵḵ
nominative	رَخٌّ raḵḵun	الرَّخُّ ar-raḵḵu	رَخُّ raḵḵu
accusative	رَخًّا raḵḵan	الرَّخَّ ar-raḵḵa	رَخَّ raḵḵa
genitive	رَخٍّ raḵḵin	الرَّخِّ ar-raḵḵi	رَخِّ raḵḵi
singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
singulative	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رَخَّة raḵḵa	الرَّخَّة ar-raḵḵa	رَخَّة raḵḵat
nominative	رَخَّةٌ raḵḵatun	الرَّخَّةُ ar-raḵḵatu	رَخَّةُ raḵḵatu
accusative	رَخَّةً raḵḵatan	الرَّخَّةَ ar-raḵḵata	رَخَّةَ raḵḵata
genitive	رَخَّةٍ raḵḵatin	الرَّخَّةِ ar-raḵḵati	رَخَّةِ raḵḵati
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رَخَّتَيْن raḵḵatayn	الرَّخَّتَيْن ar-raḵḵatayn	رَخَّتَيْ raḵḵatay
nominative	رَخَّتَانِ raḵḵatāni	الرَّخَّتَانِ ar-raḵḵatāni	رَخَّتَا raḵḵatā
accusative	رَخَّتَيْنِ raḵḵatayni	الرَّخَّتَيْنِ ar-raḵḵatayni	رَخَّتَيْ raḵḵatay
genitive	رَخَّتَيْنِ raḵḵatayni	الرَّخَّتَيْنِ ar-raḵḵatayni	رَخَّتَيْ raḵḵatay
paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
paucal (3-10)	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رَخَّات raḵḵāt	الرَّخَّات ar-raḵḵāt	رَخَّات raḵḵāt
nominative	رَخَّاتٌ raḵḵātun	الرَّخَّاتُ ar-raḵḵātu	رَخَّاتُ raḵḵātu
accusative	رَخَّاتٍ raḵḵātin	الرَّخَّاتِ ar-raḵḵāti	رَخَّاتِ raḵḵāti
genitive	رَخَّاتٍ raḵḵātin	الرَّخَّاتِ ar-raḵḵāti	رَخَّاتِ raḵḵāti

Etymology 1.3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /raxx/

Noun

رَخّ • (raḵḵ) m

verbal noun of رَخَّ (raḵḵa) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun **رَخّ** (raḵḵ)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رَخّ raḵḵ	الرَّخّ ar-raḵḵ	رَخّ raḵḵ
nominative	رَخٌّ raḵḵun	الرَّخُّ ar-raḵḵu	رَخُّ raḵḵu
accusative	رَخًّا raḵḵan	الرَّخَّ ar-raḵḵa	رَخَّ raḵḵa
genitive	رَخٍّ raḵḵin	الرَّخِّ ar-raḵḵi	رَخِّ raḵḵi

Adjective

رَخّ • (raḵḵ)

soft, relaxed, irresolute

Declension

Declension of adjective **رَخّ** (raḵḵ)
singular	masculine		feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	رَخّ raḵḵ	الرَّخّ ar-raḵḵ	رَخَّة raḵḵa	الرَّخَّة ar-raḵḵa
nominative	رَخٌّ raḵḵun	الرَّخُّ ar-raḵḵu	رَخَّةٌ raḵḵatun	الرَّخَّةُ ar-raḵḵatu
accusative	رَخًّا raḵḵan	الرَّخَّ ar-raḵḵa	رَخَّةً raḵḵatan	الرَّخَّةَ ar-raḵḵata
genitive	رَخٍّ raḵḵin	الرَّخِّ ar-raḵḵi	رَخَّةٍ raḵḵatin	الرَّخَّةِ ar-raḵḵati
dual	masculine		feminine
dual	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	رَخَّيْن raḵḵayn	الرَّخَّيْن ar-raḵḵayn	رَخَّتَيْن raḵḵatayn	الرَّخَّتَيْن ar-raḵḵatayn
nominative	رَخَّانِ raḵḵāni	الرَّخَّانِ ar-raḵḵāni	رَخَّتَانِ raḵḵatāni	الرَّخَّتَانِ ar-raḵḵatāni
accusative	رَخَّيْنِ raḵḵayni	الرَّخَّيْنِ ar-raḵḵayni	رَخَّتَيْنِ raḵḵatayni	الرَّخَّتَيْنِ ar-raḵḵatayni
genitive	رَخَّيْنِ raḵḵayni	الرَّخَّيْنِ ar-raḵḵayni	رَخَّتَيْنِ raḵḵatayni	الرَّخَّتَيْنِ ar-raḵḵatayni
plural	masculine		feminine
	—		—
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	—	—	—	—
nominative	—	—	—	—
accusative	—	—	—	—
genitive	—	—	—	—

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian (rux).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ruxx/

Noun

رُخّ • (ruḵḵ) m (plural رِخَاخ (riḵāḵ) or رِخَخَة (riḵaḵa))

(chess) castle, rook

Declension

Declension of noun **رُخّ** (ruḵḵ)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رُخّ ruḵḵ	الرُّخّ ar-ruḵḵ	رُخّ ruḵḵ
nominative	رُخٌّ ruḵḵun	الرُّخُّ ar-ruḵḵu	رُخُّ ruḵḵu
accusative	رُخًّا ruḵḵan	الرُّخَّ ar-ruḵḵa	رُخَّ ruḵḵa
genitive	رُخٍّ ruḵḵin	الرُّخِّ ar-ruḵḵi	رُخِّ ruḵḵi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رُخَّيْن ruḵḵayn	الرُّخَّيْن ar-ruḵḵayn	رُخَّيْ ruḵḵay
nominative	رُخَّانِ ruḵḵāni	الرُّخَّانِ ar-ruḵḵāni	رُخَّا ruḵḵā
accusative	رُخَّيْنِ ruḵḵayni	الرُّخَّيْنِ ar-ruḵḵayni	رُخَّيْ ruḵḵay
genitive	رُخَّيْنِ ruḵḵayni	الرُّخَّيْنِ ar-ruḵḵayni	رُخَّيْ ruḵḵay
plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رِخَاخ‎; رِخَخَة riḵāḵ‎; riḵaḵa	الرِّخَاخ‎; الرِّخَخَة ar-riḵāḵ‎; ar-riḵaḵa	رِخَاخ‎; رِخَخَة riḵāḵ‎; riḵaḵat
nominative	رِخَاخٌ‎; رِخَخَةٌ riḵāḵun‎; riḵaḵatun	الرِّخَاخُ‎; الرِّخَخَةُ ar-riḵāḵu‎; ar-riḵaḵatu	رِخَاخُ‎; رِخَخَةُ riḵāḵu‎; riḵaḵatu
accusative	رِخَاخًا‎; رِخَخَةً riḵāḵan‎; riḵaḵatan	الرِّخَاخَ‎; الرِّخَخَةَ ar-riḵāḵa‎; ar-riḵaḵata	رِخَاخَ‎; رِخَخَةَ riḵāḵa‎; riḵaḵata
genitive	رِخَاخٍ‎; رِخَخَةٍ riḵāḵin‎; riḵaḵatin	الرِّخَاخِ‎; الرِّخَخَةِ ar-riḵāḵi‎; ar-riḵaḵati	رِخَاخِ‎; رِخَخَةِ riḵāḵi‎; riḵaḵati

Synonyms

طَابِيَة (ṭābiya, “fortress, castle”)
قلعَة

Descendants

→ Catalan: roc
→ Spanish: roque
→ Old French: roc
- Middle French: roc
  - French: roc
- → Middle English: rook
  - English: rook
    - → Japanese: ルーク (rūku)
    - → Korean: 룩 (ruk)

Etymology 3

From Classical Persian (rux).

Noun

رُخّ • (ruḵḵ) m

(mythology) roc (mythical bird)

Declension

Declension of noun **رُخّ** (ruḵḵ)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رُخّ ruḵḵ	الرُّخّ ar-ruḵḵ	رُخّ ruḵḵ
nominative	رُخٌّ ruḵḵun	الرُّخُّ ar-ruḵḵu	رُخُّ ruḵḵu
accusative	رُخًّا ruḵḵan	الرُّخَّ ar-ruḵḵa	رُخَّ ruḵḵa
genitive	رُخٍّ ruḵḵin	الرُّخِّ ar-ruḵḵi	رُخِّ ruḵḵi

Descendants

→ Catalan: roc
→ Spanish: rocho, ruc
- → English: roc

Persian

Etymology 1

Cognate with Yagnobi рах (rax).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈɾux/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rʊx]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [rʊx]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [rux]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹox]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾuχ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	rux
Dari reading^?	rux
Iranian reading^?	rox
Tajik reading^?	rux

Noun

رُخ • (rox)

face, cheek
countenance
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3724:
  آن خدو زد بر رخی که روی ماه
  سجده آرد پیش او در سجده‌‌گاه
  ān xadū zad bar rux-ē ki rōy-i māh
  sajda ārd piš-i ō dar sajda-gāh
  He spat on the countenance before which the face of the moon
  bows low in the place of worship.

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”). Possibly cognate with Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”).

Noun

رُخ • (rox)

(chess) rook

Descendants

→ Arabic: رُخّ (ruḵḵ)
- → Catalan: roc
- → Spanish: roque
- → Old French: roc
  - Middle French: roc
    - French: roc
  - → Middle English: rook
    - English: rook
      - → Japanese: ルーク (rūku)
      - → Korean: 룩 (ruk)
→ Georgian: როქი (roki)
→ Italian: rocco
→ Ottoman Turkish: رخ
→ Urdu: رخ (rux)

References

Hastings (1855): British Miscellany and Chess Player's Chronicle, Volume 16, p. 44
Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “رخ”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (rux).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾʊx/

Noun

رُخ • (rux) m (Hindi spelling रुख़)

face, cheek
Synonyms: چہرہ (cehrā), گال (gāl), منہ (mũh)
appearance, countenance
Synonyms: صورت (sūrat), شکل (śakl)

رخ بدلنا ― rux badalnā ― to change countenance; to become angry or displeased
direction, attention
Synonyms: سمت (samt), دھیان (dhyān)

رخ بدلنا
rux badalnā
to turn away; to change the direction of one's face; to reject; to be inattentive
(chess) rook

References

“رخ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
“رخ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.

Chess pieces in Arabic · (layout · text)

شَاه (šāh)	وَزِير (wazīr)	رُخّ (ruḵḵ) – قَلْعَة (qalʕa)	فِيل (fīl)	حِصَان (ḥiṣān)	بَيْدَق (baydaq) – جُنْدِيّ (jundiyy)

Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)

شاه (šâh)	وزیر (vazir), فرزین (farzin)	رخ (rox), قلعه (qal'e)	فیل (fil)	اسب (asb)	پیاده (piyâde), سرباز (sarbâz)

Chess pieces in Urdu · مہرے کے شطرنج (śatranj ke muhre) (layout · text)

بَادْشَاہ (bādśāh)	وَزِیر (vazīr)	رُخ (rux)	فِیلَہ (fīla)	گھوڑا (ghoṛā)	پِیَادَہ (piyāda)