اسب

See also: اسپ and است

Laki

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hácwah (compare Northern Kurdish hesp, esp, Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Persian اسب), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (compare Sanskrit अश्व (áśva)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos.

Noun

اسب (asb)

  1. horse

Persian

Alternative forms

  • اَسْپ (asp)
  • عَسْپ (ʿasp) (dialectal, Kulob)
  • عَسْب (ʿasb) (dialectal, Shushtar, Khansar)[1]

Etymology

PIE word
*h1éḱwos

From earlier اسپ (asp), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾsp̄ /⁠asp⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (aspa), from Old Median *aspah (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (asa)), from Proto-Iranian *Hácwah (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Northern Kurdish hesp, esp, Pashto آس (ās), Ossetian ефс (efs)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (compare Sanskrit अश्व (áśva)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (compare Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Lithuanian ašva (“mare”), Latin equus).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? asb
Dari reading? asb
Iranian reading? asb
Tajik reading? asb
  • (Kulob) IPA(key): /ʕäsp/
  • (Shushtar, Khansar) IPA(key): /ʕæsb/
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Noun

Dari اسپ
Iranian Persian اسب
Tajik асп

اسب • (asb) (plural اسب‌ها, or اسبان)

  1. horse
  2. (chess) knight

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Judeo-Tat: ⱨəsb

See also

Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)
شاه (šâh) وزیر (vazir),
فرزین (farzin) 		رخ (rox),
قلعه (qal'e) 		فیل (fil) اسب (asb) پیاده (piyâde),
سرباز (sarbâz)

References

  1. ^ Habib Borjian (2021) “Traces of Pharyngeal Consonants in Isfahani Persian: A Case of Language Contact”, in Iranian Studies‎[1], volume 54, numbers 1-2, →DOI, pages 281-295:
    Interestingly, the pharyngealized form for “horse” occurs far and wide in three corners of the Iranian linguistic domain. These are ʿasp in Kulabi and ʿasb in Šuštari, Xwānsāri, and Judeo-Tat. (Cf. Kurmanji hasp, with an un-etymological initial /h/.) Considering that “horse” is among just a few pharyngealized native words in each of these languages, mere coincidence is improbable. The distribution suggests an early pharyngealized form. Could the word carry its original Proto-Indo-European laryngeal consonant (h₁éḱwos)? Not if we subscribe to the consensus that laryngeals had already ceased to exist in Old Iranian.

Further reading

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