قلعه
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian قلعه (qal'e), from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).
Noun
قلعه • (kalʼa or kalʼe) (definite accusative قلعهیی (kalʼeyi), plural قلاع (kılâʼ))
- fortress, stronghold, citadel, castle, a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town
- (military) square, a body of troops drawn up in a square formation, used in combat by infantry units
Derived terms
- آش قلعه (aş kalʼe, “Aşkale, a district in Turkey”)
- ایچ قلعه (iç kalʼe, “the keep of a fortress”)
- باش قلعه (baş kalʼe, “Başkale, a district in Turkey”)
- بوغاز قلعه (boğaz kalʼe, “Boğazkale, a district in Turkey”)
- طوپراق قلعه (toprak kalʼe, “Toprakkale, a district in Turkey”)
- قریق قلعه (kırık kalʼe, “Kırıkkale, a city and province in Turkey”)
- قلعه آغاسی (kalʼe ağası, “castellan”)
- قلعه آلتی (kalʼe altı, “esplanade outside a castle”)
- قلعه اولمق (kalʼe olmak, “for troops, to be formed in a square”)
- قلعه ایتمك (kalʼe etmek, “to form troops into a square”)
- قلعه برجی (kalʼe burcu, “tower of a castle”)
- قلعه بند (kalʼe bend, “confined in a fortress”)
- قلعه دیواری (kalʼe duvarı, “rampart”)
- قلعه سپری (kalʼe seperi, “parapet of a fort”)
- قلعه طوپی (kalʼe topu, “heavy gun placed on forts”)
- قلعه كبی (kalʼe gibi, “as firm as a castle”)
- قلعه میدانی (kalʼe meydanı, “terreplein”)
- قلعهدار (kalʼedar, “castellan”)
- قوم قلعه (kum kalʼe, “Kumkale, a village in Çanakkale district”)
- پاموق قلعه (pamuk kalʼe, “Pamukkale, a district in Turkey”)
- چناق قلعه (çanak kalʼe, “Çanakkale, a city and province in Turkey”)
Descendants
- Turkish: kale
- → Albanian: kala
- → Armenian: խալէ (xalē), ղալա (ġala), կալա (kala)
- → Bulgarian: кале́ (kalé)
- → Macedonian: кале (kale)
- → Ubykh: ӄ'ала (q̣ala)
Proper noun
قلعه • (kalʼe)
- Kale (a town and district of Denizli Province, Turkey)
- Synonym: قلعهٔ طواس (kalʼe-i tavas) (historical)
- Kale (a town and district of Malatya Province, Turkey)
- Synonym: آشاغی مستیكان (aşağı mestikân) (historical)
- (now historical) synonym of دمره (demre)
Descendants
- Turkish: Kale
Further reading
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “قلعه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 530
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kale1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2351
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “kal'a”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 580
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قلعه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 968
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Castellum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 158
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قلعة”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 3748
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kale”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قلعه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1469
- Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Kale”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names][6], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 404
Persian
Etymology
Etymology tree
Persian قلعه
Borrowed from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /qal.ˈʔa/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [qäl.ʔǽ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [qæl.ʔé]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [qäl.ʔǽ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | qal'a |
Dari reading? | qal'a |
Iranian reading? | ġal'e |
Tajik reading? | qal'a |
Noun
Dari | قلعه |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | қалъа |
قَلعه • (qal'e) (plural قَلعهها (qal'e-hâ), or قِلاع (qelâ'))
- castle
- Synonym: قصر (qasr)
- fortress, stronghold
- Synonym: دژ (dež)
- citadel
- Synonym: ارگ (arg)
- (chess) castle (rook)
- Synonym: رخ (rox)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: qala
- → Bashkir: ҡала (qala)
- → Bengali: কেল্লা (kella)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: қала (qala)
- → Kyrgyz: калаa (kalaa)
- → Marathi: किल्ला (killā)
- → Tajik: қалъа (qal'a)
- → Tatar: кала (qala)
- → Turkmen: gala
- → Uzbek: qalʼa
- → Ottoman Turkish: قلعه (kalʼa, kalʼe)
- → Punjabi:
- → Uyghur: قەلئە (qel'e)
See also
Chess pieces in Persian · مهرههای شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
شاه (šâh) | وزیر (vazir), فرزین (farzin) |
رخ (rox), قلعه (qal'e) |
فیل (fil) | اسب (asb) | پیاده (piyâde), سرباز (sarbâz) |