قرب

• From the root ق ر ب (q r b), with the form I being reconstructed securely as Proto-Semitic *ḳarib-, likewise the form II as Proto-Semitic *ḳarrib-.
• While the Biblical Hebrew קָרַב (qāráḇ, “to approach”) governs prepositions of approach like אֶל (el), לְ (lə), עַל (ʿal), the Arabic قَرُبَ (qaruba) has obtained the opposited preposition مِن (min) by analogy of بَعُدَ (baʕuda, “to be far”); compare the same with دَنَا (danā, “to come near”).^[1]

• IPA^(key): /qa.ru.ba/

قَرُبَ • (qaruba) I (non-past يَقْرُبُ (yaqrubu), verbal noun قُرْب (qurb) or مَقْرَبَة (maqraba) or قَرَابَة (qarāba) or مَقْرُبَة (maqruba))

1. to be near, to come near, to approach [with مِن (min) or إِلَى (ʔilā)]

قَرُبَ • (qaruba) I (non-past يَقْرُبُ (yaqrubu), verbal noun قَرَابَة (qarāba) or قُرْبَة (qurba) or قُرْبَى (qurbā) or مَقْرَبَة (maqraba))

1. to be related, to be of close relations, to be kindred (especially on the maternal side)
2. to have relation to something, to be associated
3. to be engaged with, to be or become involved with

• IPA^(key): /qa.ri.ba/

قَرِبَ • (qariba) I (non-past يَقْرَبُ (yaqrabu), verbal noun قِرْبَان (qirbān) or قُرْبَان (qurbān))

1. (transitive) to be near, to come near, to approach [with accusative]

   لَا تَقْرَبِ الْأَسَدَ فَيَأْكُلَكَ.

   lā taqrabi al-ʔasada fayaʔkulaka.

   Do not approach the lion lest he eat you.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:35:

     وَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ ٱسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَكُلَا مِنْهَا رَغَدًا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمَا وَلَا تَقْرَبَا هَٰذِهِ ٱلشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ ٱلظَّالِمِين

     waqulnā yā ʔādamu skun ʔanta wazawjuka l-jannata wakulā minhā raḡadan ḥayṯu šiʔtumā walā taqrabā hāḏihi š-šajarata fatakūnā mina ẓ-ẓālimīn

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (transitive, euphemistic) to copulate with
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:222:

     وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَطْهُرْنَ

     walā taqrabūhunna ḥattā yaṭhurna

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• IPA^(key): /qar.ra.ba/

قَرَّبَ • (qarraba) II (non-past يُقَرِّبُ (yuqarribu), verbal noun تَقْرِيب (taqrīb))

1. to cause or allow to be near
2. to make or let approach

• IPA^(key): /qurb/

قُرْب • (qurb) m

1. verbal noun of قَرُبَ (qaruba) (form I)
2. nearness, presence

   عِنْدَمَا كَانَ جَالِسًا بِالْقُرْبِ مِنْ زَوْجَتِهِ... صَرَخَتْ فِي وَجْهِهِ قَائِلَةً: ”اِبْتَعِدْ عَنِّي!“

   ʕindamā kāna jālisan bi-l-qurbi min zawjatihi... ṣaraḵat fī wajhihi qāʔilatan: ”ibtaʕid ʕannī!“

   When he was sitting next to his wife... she yelled into his face, saying: “Go away from me!”

   • 2004, Nancy Ajram, “Ana Leih”, in Ah W Noss:

     أنا ليه بحب حبك قوي كده ليه
     وأموت في قربك أنا كده ليه

     ʾana leih bi-ḥubbi ḥubbak qawī kida leih
     wa-'mūtu fī qorbak ʾana kida leih

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਕੁਰਬ (kurab)

  Shahmukhi script: قرب (qurb)

• IPA^(key): /qur.ba/

قُرْبَ • (qurba)

1. near, in the vicinity of

   قُرْبَ ٱلظُّهْر ― qurba ẓ-ẓuhr ― towards noon

From Arabic قَرَّبَ (qarraba).

• IPA^(key): /ɡar.rab/

قَرَّب • (garrab) II (non-past يِقَرِّب (yigarrib))

1. to be near, to come near, to approach
2. to cause or allow to be near
3. to make or let approach

From Arabic قُرْب (qurb).

• IPA^(key): /ɡurb/, [ɡʊrb]

قرب • (gurb) m

1. nearness, closeness, presence

• IPA^(key): /ɡar.rib/

قرب • (garrib)

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of قَرَّب (garrab)

From Arabic قَرَّبَ (qarraba).

• IPA^(key): (Urban) /ʔar.rab/, [ˈʔar.rab]
• IPA^(key): (Bedouin) /ɡar.rab/, [ˈɡar.rab]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

قرّب • (ʔarrab) II (present بقرّب (biʔarreb))

1. to make close, to bring close