كبر

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *kabar- together with Hebrew כָּבַר (kāḇár, “to be great, to become great; to be many, to multiply”), Akkadian kabārum (“to be or become thick”) etc.

• kabura:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ka.bu.ra/
• (Gulf Arabic) IPA^(key): /ˈkɪbɐr/
• (Hijazi Arabic) IPA^(key): /ˈkibir/

كَبُرَ • (kabura) I (non-past يَكْبُرُ (yakburu), verbal noun كِبَر (kibar) or كُبْر (kubr) or كَبَارَة (kabāra) or كُبَارَة (kubāra)) (stative)

1. to be or become big
2. to grow, to grow up
3. to become famous
4. to become too great (for something) [with عَن (ʕan)]
5. to be too proud, to snub, to disdain [with عَن (ʕan)]
6. to become too oppressive, to appear intolerable, to become too difficult, to become troublesome [with عَلَى (ʕalā)]
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:35:

     وَإِن كَانَ كَبُرَ عَلَيْكَ إِعْرَاضُهُمْ فَإِنِ ٱسْتَطَعْتَ أَن تَبْتَغِيَ نَفَقًا فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ أَوْ سُلَّمًا فِي ٱلسَّمَاءِ فَتَأْتِيَهُم بِآيَةٍ

     waʔin kāna kabura ʕalayka ʔiʕrāḍuhum faʔini staṭaʕta ʔan tabtaḡiya nafaqan fī l-ʔarḍi ʔaw sullaman fī s-samāʔi fataʔtiyahum biʔāyatin

     And if their aversion is grievous unto thee, then, if thou canst, seek a way down into the earth or a ladder unto the sky that thou mayst bring unto them a portent (to convince them all)!

     Translates Pickthall

كُبْر • (kubr) m

1. verbal noun of كَبُرَ (kabura) (form I)

كَبَرَ • (kabara) I (non-past يَكْبُرُ (yakburu), verbal noun كَبْر (kabr))

1. (stative, transitive) to be older than
   • 1949, Naguib Mahfouz, The beginning and the end, Dar El-Shorouk, page 6:

     يَكْبُرُ أَخَاهُ بِعَامَيْنِ

     yakburu ʾaḵāhu bi-ʿāmayni

     He is two years older than his brother

كَبْر • (kabr) m

1. verbal noun of كَبَرَ (kabara) (form I)

كَبَّرَ • (kabbara) II (non-past يُكَبِّرُ (yukabbiru), verbal noun تَكْبِير (takbīr))

1. (transitive, causative) to enlarge, to make something bigger
2. (intransitive) to say اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر (allāhu ʔakbar, “God is greatest”)

• Maltese: kabbar

كُبَر • (kubar) pl (singular كُبْرَى (kubrā))

1. great calamities
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 74:35:

     إِنَّهَا لَإِحْدَى الْكُبَرِ

     ʔinnahā laʔiḥdā al-kubari

     Lo! this is one of the greatest (portents)

     Translates Pickthall

كِبَر • (kibar) m

1. greatness, largeness
2. magnificence, majesty
3. old age
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:266:

     أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن تَكُونَ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ مِّن نَّخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ لَهُ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ وَأَصَابَهُ ٱلْكِبَرُ وَلَهُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ ضُعَفَآءُ فَأَصَابَهَآ إِعْصَارٌ فِيهِ نَارٌ فَٱحْتَرَقَتْ

     ʔayawaddu ʔaḥadukum ʔan takūna lahu jannatun min naḵīlin waʔaʕnābin tajrī min taḥtihā l-ʔanhāru lahu fīhā min kulli ṯ-ṯamarāti waʔaṣābahu l-kibaru walahu ḏurriyyatun ḍuʕafaʔāʔu faʔaṣābahaʔā ʔiʕṣārun fīhi nārun faḥtaraqat

     Would any of you like to have a garden of palm-trees and vines, with rivers flowing underneath it, with all kinds of fruit for him therein; and old age hath stricken him and he hath feeble offspring; and a fiery whirlwind striketh it and it is (all) consumed by fire.

     Translates Pickthall

Borrowed from Ge'ez ክብር (kəbr), see كِبْرِيَاء (kibriyāʔ).

كِبْر • (kibr) m

1. majesty, glory, highness
2. pride, presumptuosity, superciliousness, haughtiness, greed for glory

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:كبرياء

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 40:56:

     إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُجَـٰدِلُونَ فِي ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ سُلْطَـٰنٍ أَتَىٰهُمْ إِن فِي صُدُورِهِمْ إِلَّا كِبْرٌ مَّا هُم بِبَـٰلِغِيهِ

     ʔinna llaḏīna yujādilūna fī ʔāyāti l-lahi biḡayri sulṭānin ʔatāhum ʔin fī ṣudūrihim ʔillā kibrun mā hum bibāliḡīhi

     Lo! those who wrangle concerning the revelations of Allah without a warrant having come unto them, there is naught else in their breasts save pride which they will never attain.

     Translates Pickthall

3. leonine share, greatest deal, bulk
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:11:

     إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ جَآءُو بِٱلْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِّنْكُمْ لَا تَحْسَبُوهُ شَرًّا لَّكُم بَلْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ لِكُلِّ ٱمْرِئٍ مِّنْهُم مَّا ٱكْتَسَبَ مِنَ ٱلْإِثْمِ وَٱلَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ

     ʔinna llaḏīna jaʔāʔū bi-l-ʔifki ʕuṣbatun minkum lā taḥsabūhu šarran lakum bal huwa ḵayrun lakum likulli mriʔin minhum mā ktasaba mina l-ʔiṯmi wallaḏī tawallā kibra-hū minhum la-hū ʕaḏābun ʕaẓīmun

     Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.

     Translates Pickthall

• → Ottoman Turkish: كبر (kibr)
  • > Turkish: kibir (inherited)
  • → Crimean Tatar: kibir
• → Somali: kibir
• → Uyghur: كىبىر (kibir)
• → Uzbek: kibr

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

كُبَّر • (kubbar) f

2. Kubbar, an uninhabited island in the Bay of Kuwait

From Classical Syriac ܩܦܪ (qappar, qappār, “caper-bush”) or Classical Syriac ܟܦܪ (kappar, kappār), considered from Ancient Greek κάππαρις (kápparis) of uncertain likely Asian origin.
For the variation a ⇌ ā in Aramaisms, compare سُكَّر (sukkar), سُكَّار (sukkār, “bolt-lock”) and قُنْبَر (qunbar), قُنْبَار (qunbār), كُنْبَار (kunbār, “coir”).

• كَبَّار (kabbār), قَبَّار (qabbār)

كَبَر • (kabar) m

2. caper (Capparis gen. and especially Capparis spinosa, as well as the edible buds from it)

   Synonyms: شَفَلَّح (šafallaḥ), عِتْر (ʕitr), لَصَف (laṣaf)

• → Middle Armenian: կապպար (kappar)
• → Galician: alcaparra
• → Portuguese: alcaparra
• → Spanish: alcaparra, alcaparro

Borrowed from Ge'ez ከበሮ (käbäro, “drum, timbrel”).

كَبَر • (kabar) m (plural كِبَار (kibār) or أَكْبَار (ʔakbār))

2. (obsolete) drum, timbrel

• Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume 84, page 23
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 1087–1088
• Freytag, Georg (1837) “كبر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 3–4
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كبر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 853
• Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎^[4] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 322–331
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[5] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 56
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “كبر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[6] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 1081–1083
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (2020) “كبر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 6th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 781

Borrowed from Persian گبر (gabr, “Zoroastrian; infidel”), itself from Aramaic 𐡂𐡁𐡓𐡀 (gbrʾ /⁠gaḇrā⁠/, “man; person”). Doublet of كاور (gâvur, gâvor, “infidel, kafir”).

كبر • (gebr) (definite accusative كبری (gebri), plural كبرلر (gebrler, gebirler))

1. Zoroastrian, Guebre, a follower of Zoroastrianism, an Iranian religion centred on the Avesta

   Synonyms: آتش‌پرست (âteş-perest), زردشتی (zerdüştî), مجوسی (mecûsî)

• Turkish: gebr
• → French: guèbre
  • → English: Guebre
• → German: Geber
• → Italian: guebro

Borrowed from Arabic كِبْر (kibr, “majesty, glory; pride, haughtiness”), itself from Ge'ez ክብር (kəbr).

كبر • (kibr or kibir) (definite accusative كبری (kibri, kibiri), plural كبرلر (kibrler, kibirler))

1. pride, haughtiness, conceit, arrogance, superciliousness, presumptuousness, an unreasonable overestimation of one's own superiority

   Synonyms: طور (tavr, tavır), غرور (gurur)

• Turkish: kibir
• → Crimean Tatar: kibir

Borrowed from Arabic كِبَر (kibar, “greatness, largeness; old age”).

كبر • (kiber) (definite accusative كبری (kiberi), plural كبرلر (kiberler))

1. greatness, largeness, bigness, the state, condition, or quality of being great, large, or big

   Synonym: بیوكلك (büyüklük)

2. old age, senescence, agedness, oldness, the state, condition or quality of being old or aged

• Turkish: kiber

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

كبر • (keber) (definite accusative كبری (keberi), plural كبرلر (keberler))

1. alternative spelling of كبره (kebere, “caper”)

From Arabic كَبَّرَ (kabbara).

• IPA^(key): /kab.bar/, [ˈkab.bar]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

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كبّر • (kabbar) II (present بكبّر (bikabber))

1. to enlarge
2. (by extension) to exaggerate

   Synonym: بالغ (bālaḡ)