उखड़ना

Hindi

Etymology

Hindi verb set
उखड़ना (ukhaṛnā)
उखाड़ना (ukhāṛnā)
उखड़वाना (ukhaṛvānā)

    Uncertain. Either one or both of the following explanations:

    • Per Turner,[1] inherited from Prakrit *𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀟𑀇 (*ukkhaḍaï), denominal verb from *𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀟 (*ukkhaḍa), from Sanskrit *उत्स्कृत (*utskṛta, dug out), from उद- (uda-, out) +‎ कॄ (kṝ, to dig) +‎ -त (-ta, participle), with an (unattested) s-mobile on the root.
      Compare attested Prakrit 𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀼𑀟𑀇 (ukkhuḍaï, to break) with differing outcome of the syllabic rhotic, and the participle 𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀮𑀺𑀬 (ukkhaliya, rooted up).
    • Per Hoernlé,[2] intransitive form of उखाड़ना (ukhāṛnā), itself a denominal verb from Prakrit 𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺𑀬 (ukkaḍḍhiya, uprooted) undergoing aspiration fronting, from Sanskrit उत्कृष्ट (utkṛṣṭa, drawn out), from उद- (uda-, out) +‎ कृष् (kṛṣ, to drag) +‎ -त (-ta, participle). Compare काढ़ना (kāṛhnā, to drag, pull) with a similar etymology.

    The former requires more speculation about a verbal form, while the latter requires unexpected aspiration fronting.

    Pronunciation

    • (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʊ.kʰəɽ.nɑː/, [ʊ.kʰɐɽ.näː]

    Verb

    उखड़ना • (ukhaṛnā) (intransitive, Urdu spelling اُکھَڑْنا)

    1. to be uprooted; displaced
    2. to break, become destroyed
      Synonym: (to break) टूटना (ṭūṭnā)

    Conjugation

    References

    1. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*utskarati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 88
    2. ^ Hoernlé, A. F. Rudolf (1880) “उखाड़्”, in “A Collection of Hindi Roots, with Remarks on their Derivation and Classification”, in Journal of The Asiatic Society of Bengal[1], volume 49, page 42

    Further reading