कम्

See also: कम

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

কম্ (Assamese script)
ᬓᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
কম্ (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
ကမ် (Burmese script)
કમ્ (Gujarati script)
ਕਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಕಮ್ (Kannada script)
កម៑ (Khmer script)
ກມ຺ (Lao script)
കമ് (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
ᢉᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
କମ୍ (Odia script)
ꢒꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
කම් (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
கம் (Tamil script)
కమ్ (Telugu script)
กมฺ (Thai script)
ཀ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐm/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kɐm/

Etymology 1

Connected with Ancient Greek κεν (ken), Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“for”).

Particle

कम् • (kám)

well

Usage notes

This particle is placed after the word to which it belongs with an affirmative sense, "yes", "well" (but this sense is generally so weak that Indian grammarians are perhaps right in enumerating कम् (kám) among the expletives (Nir.). It is often found attached to a dative case, giving to that case a stronger meaning, and is generally placed at the end of the Pāda. For example,

RV, v 83.10:

अजी॑जन॒ ओष॑धी॒र्भोज॑नाय॒ कम्

ájījana óṣadhīrbhójanāya kám

Thou didst create the plants for actual food [[1]]

कम् (kám) is also used as an enclitic with the particles नु (nu), सु (su), and हि (hi) (but is treated in the Pada-pāṭha as a separate word; in this connection कम् (kam) has no accent but once, in Atharvaveda 6.110.1).

Etymology 2

Uncertain.

Noun

कम् • (kam) stem, ? (indeclinable)

water
head, food

Etymology 3

Denominative based on काम॑ (kā́ma, “wish”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas, from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”), whence also का (kā) and कन् (kan, “to be satisfied”). Compare also चक् (cak, “to be satisfied”).

Noun

कम् • (kam) stem, ? (indeclinable, root कम्)

happiness, bliss

Root

कम् • (kam)

to wish, desire, long for
to love, be in love with
to cause one to love
to have sexual intercourse with

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कम् (0 c, 23 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root कम् (5 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

काम्यति (kāmyati) (Present)
कमिष्यते (kamiṣyate) (Future)
कमिता (kamitā) (Periphrastic Future)
कमिषीष्ट (kamiṣīṣṭa) (Benedictive)
चकमे (cakame) (Perfect)

Secondary Forms

कामयते (kāmayate) (Causative)
अचीकमत (acīkamata) (Causative Aorist)
अचकमत (acakamata) (Causative Aorist)
चिकमिषते (cikamiṣate) (Desiderative)
चिकामयिषते (cikāmayiṣate) (Desiderative)
चंकम्यते (caṃkamyate) (Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

कान्त (kānta) (Past Participle)
कान्त्वा (kāntvā) (Gerund)
कमित्वा (kamitvā) (Gerund)
कमस् (kamas) (Gerund)
कामम् (kāmam) (Gerund)
कमनीय (kamanīya) (Gerundive)
काम्य (kā́mya) (Gerundive)
कामयितव्य (kāmayitavya) (Causative Gerundive)

Derived Nominal Forms

कम् (kam)
कमन (kamana)
कामना (kāmanā)
कमितृ (kamitṛ)
कम्र (kamra)
काम (kā́ma)
कामिन् (kāmín)
काम्या (kāmyā́)
कामन् (kāman)
कामन (kāmana)
कामुक (kā́muka)
कान्ति (kānti)
उत्क (utka)

Prefixed Root Forms

अधिकम् (adhikam)
अनुकम् (anukam)
अभिकम् (abhikam)
निकम् (nikam)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “कम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 251.
William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 017

Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “कम्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 305