देश

See also: दश, दृश्, दिशा, and देशी

Hindi

Alternative forms

देस (des)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit देश (deśá), from दिश् (diś).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /d̪eːʃ/
Audio: (file)

Noun

देश • (deś) m (Urdu spelling دیش)

nation, country
Synonym: मुल्क (mulk)

आजकल देश में सर्वत्र शान्ति है।
ājkal deś mẽ sarvatra śānti hai.
These days, there is peace everywhere in the country

देश के नब्बे प्रतिशत लोग शिक्षित है।
deś ke nabbe pratiśat log śikṣit hai.
90% of the people in this country are educated.
- 1851, William Bowley, “Genesis 41”, in The Holy Bible in the Hindi language, Presbyterian Mission Press:
  अकाल होगा और मिस्र देश की सारी बढ़ती भुला जायगी और अकाल देश को नष्ट करेगा॥
  akāl hogā aur misra deś kī sārī baṛhtī bhulā jāygī aur akāl deś ko naṣṭ karegā.
  Then all the abundance in [the country] Egypt will be forgotten, and the famine will ravage the land.
(politics) sovereign state
the people of a country

Declension

Declension of *देश* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	देश deś	देश deś
oblique	देश deś	देशों deśõ
vocative	देश deś	देशो deśo

Derived terms

देशद्रोह (deśadroh)
देशपूर्ण (deśpūrṇ)
देशभाषा (deśbhāṣā)
देशी (deśī)
प्रदेश (pradeś)

Related terms

स्वदेश (svadeś)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “देश”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “देश”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Proper noun

देश • (deś) m

Desh, Maharashtra (a region of Maharashtra, India)
(Indian Classical Music) a midnight raga of the Khamaj thaat

Declension

Declension of *देश* (sg-only masc cons-stem)
	singular
direct	देश deś
oblique	देश deś
vocative	देश deś

Konkani

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit देश (deśa), from दिश् (diś).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [deʃ]

Noun

देश • (deś) (Latin script dex, Kannada script ದೇಶ)

country, nation
place, region

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit देश (deśá), from दिश् (diś).

Noun

देश • (deś) m

country, nation
place, region

Proper noun

देश • (deś) m

Desh, Maharashtra (a region of Maharashtra, India)

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit देश (deśá), from दिश् (diś).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d̪es]
Phonetic Devanagari: देस्

Noun

देश • (deś)

country, nation

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

দেশ (Assamese script)
ᬤᬾᬰ (Balinese script)
দেশ (Bengali script)
𑰟𑰸𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀤𑁂𑀰 (Brahmi script)
ဒေၐ (Burmese script)
દેશ (Gujarati script)
ਦੇਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌦𑍇𑌶 (Grantha script)
ꦢꦺꦯ (Javanese script)
𑂠𑂵𑂬 (Kaithi script)
ದೇಶ (Kannada script)
ទេឝ (Khmer script)
ເທຨ (Lao script)
ദേശ (Malayalam script)
ᡩᡝᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘟𑘹𑘫 (Modi script)
ᢑᠧᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦿𑧚𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
𑐡𑐾𑐱 (Newa script)
ଦେଶ (Odia script)
ꢣꢾꢯ (Saurashtra script)
𑆢𑆼𑆯 (Sharada script)
𑖟𑖸𑖫 (Siddham script)
දෙශ (Sinhalese script)
𑩭𑩔𑩿 (Soyombo script)
𑚛𑚲𑚧 (Takri script)
தே³ஶ (Tamil script)
దేశ (Telugu script)
เทศ (Thai script)
དེ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
𑒠𑒹𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
𑨛𑨄𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ-

Sanskrit दिश् (diś)

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Sanskrit -अ (-a)

Sanskrit दे॒श (deśá)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dayśás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dayćás, from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱós (“part, point, country”). The Sanskrit root is दिश् (diś, “to point out; to assign”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /dɐj.ɕɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d̪eː.ɕɐ/

Noun

देश • (deśá) stem, m

point, region, spot, place, part, portion
province, country, kingdom

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of देश
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	देशः (deśáḥ)	देशौ (deśaú) देशा¹ (deśā́¹)	देशाः (deśā́ḥ) देशासः¹ (deśā́saḥ¹)
accusative	देशम् (deśám)	देशौ (deśaú) देशा¹ (deśā́¹)	देशान् (deśā́n)
instrumental	देशेन (deśéna)	देशाभ्याम् (deśā́bhyām)	देशैः (deśaíḥ) देशेभिः¹ (deśébhiḥ¹)
dative	देशाय (deśā́ya)	देशाभ्याम् (deśā́bhyām)	देशेभ्यः (deśébhyaḥ)
ablative	देशात् (deśā́t)	देशाभ्याम् (deśā́bhyām)	देशेभ्यः (deśébhyaḥ)
genitive	देशस्य (deśásya)	देशयोः (deśáyoḥ)	देशानाम् (deśā́nām)
locative	देशे (deśé)	देशयोः (deśáyoḥ)	देशेषु (deśéṣu)
vocative	देश (déśa)	देशौ (déśau) देशा¹ (déśā¹)	देशाः (déśāḥ) देशासः¹ (déśāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

प्रदेश (pradeśa, “location, country”)
संदेश (saṃdeśa, “message, gift, sweetmeat”)

Descendants

→ Bengali: দেশ (deś)
Bhojpuri: 𑂠𑂵𑂮 (des)
Domari: des
→ Gujarati: દેશ (deś)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: देश (deś)

Urdu: دیش (deś)
Kalasha: dēš
→ Kannada: ದೇಶ (dēśa), ದೇಸ (dēsa)
→ Khmer: ទេស (teeh)
Magahi: 𑂠𑂵𑂮 (des)
→ Malay: desa
- Indonesian: desa
→ Marathi: देश (deś)
Northeast Pashayi: deš
→ Old Javanese: deśa
- Javanese: ꦢꦺꦱ (désa)
- → Balinese: ᬤᬾᬰ (désa)
Pali: desa
Phalura: dēš
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਦੇਸ਼ (deś), ਦੇਸ (des)

Shahmukhi script: دیش (deś), دیس (des)
Rohingya: dec / 𐴊𐴠𐴐𐴢 (dec)
→ Telugu: దేశము (dēśamu)
→ Tamil: தேசம் (tēcam)
→ Malayalam: ദേശം (dēśaṁ)
→ Thai: เทศ (têet)
→ Sylheti: ꠖꠦꠡ (deś)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “देश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 496/2.