स्वर्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (huuar), Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xvar), English sun. Doublet of हेलि (heli).

• सुवर् (súvar) (in Yajurveda)

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sú.ʋɐɾ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ʋɐɾ/

स्वर् • (svàr) stem, n

1. the sun
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.14.4:

     अ॒ग्निर् जा॒तो अ॑रोचत॒
     घ्नन् दस्यू॒ञ् ज्योति॑षा॒ तमः॑ ।
     अवि॑न्द॒द् गा अ॒पः स्वः॑ ॥

     agnír jātó arocata
     ghnán dásyūñ jyótiṣā támaḥ.
     ávindad gā́ apáḥ svàḥ.

     Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus and the darkness:
     He found the Kine, the Waters, the Sun.

2. sunshine, light
3. sky, heaven
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
4. space between the sun and the polar star, as the third of the व्याहृति (vyāhṛti, “names of the upper worlds used as mystical utterance”)
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

स्वर् (svàr) is indeclinable in later Sanskrit.

• सूर्य (sū́rya)
• सूर (sū́ra)
• सूर्त (sū́rta)

स्वर् • (svar) stem, m

1. a name of Shiva
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

• Monier Williams (1899) “स्वर्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1281, column 1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 793-794

From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to resound; whistle; shout loudly; swear”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *svãrъ (“quarrel, strife, trouble”); Latin sermō; English swear, (an)swer.

• स्वृ (svṛ)

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sʋɐɾ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ʋɐɾ/

स्वर् • (svar)

1. to sound, resound, utter a sound
2. to sing praises of

Primary Verbal Forms

Secondary Forms

Non-Finite Forms

Derived Nominal Forms

Prefixed Root Forms

• Monier Williams (1899) “स्वृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1285, column 1.
• William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, pages 201-202

• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “स्वर्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्वर्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 353
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 613
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. su̯er-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1049
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 792-793