おし

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
押し推し圧し

連用形 (ren'yōkei) of 押す (osu, “to push”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おし [òshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [o̞ɕi]

(Kyoto) おし [óshí] (Kōki – [0])^[1]

Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent

(the Heian period) HH
(the Kamakura period) HH

※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: ^[1]

Noun

おし • (oshi)

押し: pushing
押し: persuasion, especially in terms of romance
押(お)しに弱(よわ)い人(ひと)
oshi ni yowai hito
easily hit on
推し: (idol fandom) favorite idol
みんなの推(お)しは誰(だれ)？
Minna no oshi wa dare?
Who is your favorite idol?

Hyponyms

推(お)しメン (oshimen, “favorite member; bias”)

Derived terms

推(お)し入(い)れ (oshiire, “folding case for fandom merchandise”)
推(お)し色(いろ) (oshiiro, “colour associated with an idol”)
推(お)し活(かつ) (oshikatsu, “activity to support an idol”)
推(お)しカプ (oshikapu, “shipping two favourite chracters; putting two characters into a romantic relationship”)
推(お)しグラス (oshigurasu, “drinking glass signed with an idol's signature”)
推(お)しグル (oshiguru, “a favourite idol group”)
推(お)し事(ごと) (oshigoto, “activity to support an idol”)
推(お)しジャン (oshijan, “jumping to cheer for an idol”)
推(お)しT(ティー) (oshitī, “T-shirt showing someone's support for an idol”)
推(お)し変(へん) (oshihen, “to shift loyalty to a different member”)
推(お)しメン (oshimen, “favorite member; bias”)

Descendants

→ English: oshi

Suffix

おし • (-oshi)

推し: (idol fandom) being a devoted fan of …; … stan
○○推(お)し
○○-oshi
X stan

Verb

おし • (oshi)

押し, 圧し, 推し: stem or continuative form of おす (osu) [godan]

Etymology 2

Alternative spelling
食し

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of 食(お)す (osu, “to eat; to drink; to wear; to govern”, honorific term)

Noun

おし • (oshi) ^{←をし (wosi)^?}

hawk feed

Verb

おし • (oshi) ^{←をし (wosi)^?}

stem or continuative form of 食す (osu) [godan]

Etymology 3

Alternative spelling
御師

For pronunciation and definitions of おし – see the following entry: 御師

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 御師.)

Etymology 4

Alternative spelling
惜し

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おし [óꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [o̞ɕi]

(Kyoto) おし [óꜜshì] (Kōki)^[1]

Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent

※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: ^[1]
These are the forms for the atttributive おしき (oshiki).

Adjective

おし • (oshi) ^{←をし (wosi)^?}

(archaic) classical of 惜しい (oshii)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "おし" (シク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	おしく^[1] おしから^[2]	osiku osikara
Continuative (連用形)	おしく^[1] おしかり^[2]	osiku osikari
Terminal (終止形)	おし	osi
Attributive (連体形)	おしきおしかる	osiki osikaru
Realis (已然形)	おしけれ	osikere
Imperative (命令形)	おしかれ	osikare
Key constructions
Negative	おしからず	osikarazu
Contrasting conjunction	おしけれど	osikeredo
Causal conjunction	おしければ	osikereba
Conditional conjunction	おしくば	osikuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	おしかりき	osikariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	おしかりけり	osikarikeri
Adverbial	おしく	osiku
^[1]Without auxiliary verb. ^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Etymology 5

Alternative spelling
唖

From おうし (ōshi), historical ofushi. Attested in The Tale of Genji.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おし [òshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [o̞ɕi]

(Kyoto) おし [óshí] (Kōki – [0])^[1]

Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent

(the Kamakura period) HH

※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: ^[1]

Noun

おし • (oshi)

muteness (the inability to speak)
a mute person

Derived terms

唖(おし)が物(もの)言(い)う (oshi ga monoiu, “for an exceptionally rare or impossible event to happen; to win the lottery”, idiom, literally “to speak being mute”)
唖(おし)の一(ひと)声(こえ) (oshi no hitokoe, “a mute person's first time speaking”)
唖(おし)の問答(もんどう) (oshi no mondō, “inability to understand even after conversation”)
唖(おし)の夢(ゆめ) (oshi no yume, “unable to comprehend a thought into words”)
唖(おし)五(ご)郎(ろう) (oshigorō)
唖蝉(おしぜみ) (oshizemi, “silent cicada; female cicada”)

Etymology 7

Alternative spellings
鴛鴦鴛

From Old Japanese; attested in the Nihon Shoki (720).^[1] It is likely that the Ryukyuan languages borrowed the Japanese word due to the suffix *tori (“bird”) and the lack of an initial w-.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おし [óꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [o̞ɕi]

Noun

おし • (oshi) ^{←をし (wosi)^?}

(archaic) synonym of おしどり (“mandarin duck”)
a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), like the mandarin duck

Descendants

Northern Ryukyuan:
- →⇒? Northern Amami Ōshima: うしんとぅり (ushinturi)
- →⇒? Okinawan: うしんとぅい (ushintui)
Southern Ryukyuan:
- →⇒? Northern Amami Ōshima: うすぃ゚どぅるぃ゚ (usïdurï)

Etymology 8

Alternative spelling
忍

For pronunciation and definitions of おし – see the following entry: 忍

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 忍.)

Etymology 9

Alternative spellings
於芝烏只

For pronunciation and definitions of おし – see the following entry: 於芝

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 於芝.)

Etymology 10

Alternative spelling
遠志

For pronunciation and definitions of おし – see the following entry: 遠志

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 遠志.)

Etymology 11

Interjection

おし • (oshi)

[from 1004] alert made in the imperial palace by a forerunner when an emperor passes by or a meal is served
[from 1014] ceremonial phrase when receiving a plaque from the emperor: "I humbly take it."

Etymology 12

Likely derived from same source as 私 (atashi < watashi); cf. 私(あし) (ashi).

Pronoun

おし • (oshi)

(dialect, Tochigi) first-person pronoun; I; me
Synonym: 私 (watashi, standard)
(informal, dialect, Gifu, Aichi, Hyogo, Wakayama, Ehime, Nagasaki, etc.) second-person pronoun; you
Synonyms: お前 (omae, standard), 君 (kimi)

おしなにしてんねや
oshi nani shiten ne ya
Yo, whatcha be doin? (Wakayama dialect)

Interjection

おし • (oshi)

(dialect, Hyogo) used to call on a wife

Etymology 13

Metathesis of 塩(しお) (shio).

Noun

おし • (oshi)

[from 1892] (thief cant) salt
Synonym: 塩 (shio, standard)

References

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Dai-ni-han Henshū I'inkai (日本国語大辞典第二版編集委員会) (2001-2002) 日本国語大辞典　第二版 [Unabridged Japanese Dictionary: Second Edition], Tokyo (東京都): Shōgakukan (小学館), →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NKD2P-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Dai-ni-han Henshū I'inkai (日本国語大辞典第二版編集委員会) (2001-2002) 日本国語大辞典　第二版 [Unabridged Japanese Dictionary: Second Edition], Tokyo (東京都): Shōgakukan (小学館), →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

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