冕

冕	U+5195, 冕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5195

← 冔
[U+5194]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冖 →
[U+5196]

冕	U+2F8D3, 冕 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D3

← 冒
[U+2F8D2]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

最 →
[U+2F8D4]

Translingual

Han character

冕 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日弓日山 (ANAU), four-corner 6041₆, composition ⿱冃免 (GTJV) or ⿱日免 (K))

Derived characters

𪼚, 𨬋

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 129, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1545
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1514, character 6
Unihan data for U+5195

Unihan data for U+2F8D3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冕
alternative forms		絻／𰬜

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (免) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
免	*mronʔ
娩	mronʔ, mronʔ, m̥ʰons, monʔ, mons, muns
勉	*mronʔ
俛	*mronʔ
鮸	*mronʔ
冕	*mronʔ
絻	mronʔ, moːn, *muns
婏	*m̥ʰos
浼	*muːlʔ
鞔	*moːn
悗	*moːn
嬎	*m̥ʰons
晚	*monʔ
挽	*monʔ
輓	monʔ, mons
脕	monʔ, mons, *muns
莬	*muns

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): miǎn (mian³)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁵
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bián

(Teochew, Peng'im): miêng²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
  - Wade–Giles: mien³
  - Yale: myǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
  - Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: min⁵
  - Yale: míhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: min⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: meng³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: meng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián
  - Tâi-lô: bián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biern
  - IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: miêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mieŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: mjenX

Rime
Character	冕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	亡辨切
Baxter	mjenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiᴇn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiɛn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/miæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mian^X/
Li Rong	/mjɛn^X/
Wang Li	/mĭɛn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	min⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mr[o][r]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mronʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	冕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ mjen^X ›
Old Chinese	/*mr[o][r]ʔ/
English	ceremonial cap
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冕
Reading #	1/1
No.	9071
Phonetic component	免
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	免
Old Chinese	/*mronʔ/

Definitions

冕

ceremonial cap; crown
加冕 ― jiāmiǎn ― to crown; to invest as monarch

冠冕 ― guànmiǎn ― official's hat; royal crown; official; leader
(by extension) things similar to a crown
日冕 ― rìmiǎn ― corona

衛冕／卫冕 ― wèimiǎn ― to defend one's title; to defend one's championship

Compounds

冕旒 (miǎnliú)
冕服
冠冕 (guānmiǎn)
冠冕堂皇 (guānmiǎntánghuáng)
冠冕衣裳
加冕 (jiāmiǎn)
北冕座 (Běimiǎnzuò)
南州冠冕
弁冕
旒冕
日冕 (rìmiǎn)
服冕乘軒 / 服冕乘轩
毳冕
沐猴冠冕 (mùhóuguànmiǎn)
無冕王 / 无冕王
王冕
紱冕 / 绂冕
衛冕 / 卫冕 (wèimiǎn)
袞冕 / 衮冕
裂冠毀冕 / 裂冠毁冕
軒冕 / 轩冕
鷩冕 / 𫜁冕
黻冕 (fúmiǎn)

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “冕”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

Japanese

Kanji

冕

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: めん (men)
Kan-on: べん (ben)
Kun: かんむり (kanmuri, 冕)

Compounds

冕(べん)冠(かん) (benkan)
冕(べん)者(しゃ) (bensha)
冕(べん)服(ぷく) (benpuku)
冕(べん)旒(りゅう) (benryū)
冠(かん)冕(べん) (kanben)
軒(けん)冕(べん) (kenben)
玄(げん)冕(べん) (genben)
袞(こん)冕(べん) (konben)
毳(ぜい)冕(べん) (zeiben)
蟬(せん)冕(べん) (senben)
税(だつ)冕(べん) (datsuben)
紱(ふつ)冕(べん) (futsuben)
黻(ふつ)冕(べん) (futsuben)
麻(ま)冕(べん) (maben)
旒(りゅう)冕(べん) (ryūben)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) べん [béꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [bẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

冕(べん) • (ben)

crown

Synonyms

冕(べん)冠(かん) (benkan)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冕 (MC mjenX).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [mjʌ̹n]
Phonetic hangul: [면]

Hanja

冕 (eumhun 면류관 면 (myeollyugwan myeon))

crown

Compounds

면관 (冕冠, myeon'gwan)
면류 (冕旒, myeollyu)
면류관 (冕旒冠, myeollyugwan)
면복 (冕服, myeonbok)
곤면 (衮冕, gonmyeon)
관면 (冠冕, gwanmyeon)
헌면 (軒冕, heonmyeon)

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 冕
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [2]
冕 in dictionaries at daum.net

Vietnamese

See also: 丏 and 勉

Han character

冕: Hán Nôm readings: miện, mịn

Noun

冕

chữ Hán form of miện (“crown”)

Adjective

冕

chữ Nôm form of mịn (“(of skin, etc) smooth, silky, fine”)