嗽
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Translingual
Han character
嗽 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 口木中人 (RDLO), four-corner 67082, composition ⿰口欶)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 204, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4154
- Dae Jaweon: page 427, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 674, character 10
- Unihan data for U+55FD
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
嗽 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𠻳 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (束) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 涑 | *sloː, *sloːɡ, *sloɡ |
| 鏉 | *sloː, *sloːɡs, *srus |
| 摗 | *sloː |
| 駷 | *sloːʔ, *sloŋʔ |
| 嗽 | *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ |
| 瘶 | *sloːɡs |
| 欶 | *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ |
| 漱 | *sloːɡs, *srus |
| 捒 | *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs |
| 悚 | *sloŋʔ |
| 竦 | *sloŋʔ |
| 娕 | *sʰroːɡ |
| 梀 | *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ |
| 速 | *sloːɡ |
| 餗 | *sloːɡ |
| 殐 | *sloːɡ |
| 遬 | *sloːɡ |
| 蔌 | *sloːɡ |
| 樕 | *sloːɡ |
| 藗 | *sloːɡ |
| 誎 | *sʰloɡ |
| 束 | *hljoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 欶 (OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ).
Etymology
Note similarities to the second syllable of Burmese ချောင်းဆိုး (hkyaung:hcui:, “to cough”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sau3 / sok3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhu̍k
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sò͘ / sàu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sòu
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sòu
- Wade–Giles: sou4
- Yale: sòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sow
- Palladius: соу (sou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /soʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shù
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shù
- Wade–Giles: shu4
- Yale: shù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
- Palladius: шу (šu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sù
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sù
- Wade–Giles: su4
- Yale: sù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
- Palladius: су (su)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sau3 / sok3
- Yale: sau / sok
- Cantonese Pinyin: sau3 / sok8
- Guangdong Romanization: seo3 / sog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐu̯³³/, /sɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: cug
- Hagfa Pinyim: cug6
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sò͘
- Tâi-lô: sòo
- Phofsit Daibuun: sox
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔ⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sɔ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sàu
- Tâi-lô: sàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: saux
- IPA (Taipei): /sau¹¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sau⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /sau²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- sò͘ - literary;
- sàu - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: suwH, suwk, sraewk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤok-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sloːɡs/, /*sroːɡ/, /*sloːɡ/
Definitions
嗽
- to cough
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 咳嗽 (“to cough”) [map]
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
嗽
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Readings
- Go-on: す (su)、そく (soku)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)、そく (soku)
- Kun: うがい (ugai, 嗽)、すすぐ (susugu, 嗽ぐ)、くちすすぐ (kuchisusugu, 嗽ぐ)、ゆすぐ (yusugu, 嗽ぐ)
Noun
嗽 • (ugai) ←うがひ (ugafi)?
Verb
嗽する • (ugai suru) ←うがひ (ugafi)?suru (stem 嗽し (ugai shi), past 嗽した (ugai shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "嗽する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 嗽し | うがいし | ugai shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 嗽し | うがいし | ugai shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 嗽する | うがいする | ugai suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 嗽する | うがいする | ugai suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 嗽すれ | うがいすれ | ugai sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 嗽せよ¹ 嗽しろ² |
うがいせよ¹ うがいしろ² |
ugai seyo¹ ugai shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 嗽される | うがいされる | ugai sareru | |
| Causative | 嗽させる 嗽さす |
うがいさせる うがいさす |
ugai saseru ugai sasu | |
| Potential | 嗽できる | うがいできる | ugai dekiru | |
| Volitional | 嗽しよう | うがいしよう | ugai shiyō | |
| Negative | 嗽しない | うがいしない | ugai shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 嗽せず | うがいせず | ugai sezu | |
| Formal | 嗽します | うがいします | ugai shimasu | |
| Perfective | 嗽した | うがいした | ugai shita | |
| Conjunctive | 嗽して | うがいして | ugai shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 嗽すれば | うがいすれば | ugai sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Korean
Hanja
嗽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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