咳
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Translingual
Han character
咳 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口卜女人 (RYVO), four-corner 60082, composition ⿰口亥)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 187, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3555
- Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 622, character 4
- Unihan data for U+54B3
Chinese
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
該 | *kɯː |
垓 | *kɯː |
賅 | *kɯː |
陔 | *kɯː |
豥 | *kɯː, *ɡɯː |
荄 | *kɯː, *krɯː |
郂 | *kɯː |
姟 | *kɯː |
絯 | *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ |
晐 | *kɯː |
峐 | *kɯː |
侅 | *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ |
胲 | *kɯː |
頦 | *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː |
奒 | *kʰɯː |
輆 | *kʰɯːʔ |
欬 | *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds |
硋 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
閡 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
咳 | *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː |
孩 | *ɡɯː |
亥 | *ɡɯːʔ |
劾 | *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ |
痎 | *krɯː |
烗 | *kʰrɯːɡs |
骸 | *ɡrɯː |
駭 | *ɡrɯːʔ |
刻 | *kʰɯːɡ |
餩 | *qɯːɡ |
核 | *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː): semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ).
Pronunciation 1
simp. and trad. |
咳 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 欬 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: ké
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ké
- Wade–Giles: kʻo2
- Yale: ké
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ker
- Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, obsolete)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kài
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kài
- Wade–Giles: kʻai4
- Yale: kài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kay
- Palladius: кай (kaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kat1 / koi3
- Yale: kāt / koi
- Cantonese Pinyin: kat7 / koi3
- Guangdong Romanization: ked1 / koi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐt̚⁵/, /kʰɔːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: koi3 - rare variant.
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiet
- Hakka Romanization System: kiedˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiad5
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiat
- Hakka Romanization System: kiadˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiad5
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯at̚²/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai
- Tâi-lô: kai
- Phofsit Daibuun: kay
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kai⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kai³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
- Tâi-lô: ka
- Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kha
- Tâi-lô: kha
- Phofsit Daibuun: qaf
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰa⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- kai - literary;
- ka - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hai6 / ga1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăi / ka
- Sinological IPA (key): /hai³⁵/, /ka³³/
Note:
- hai6 - literary;
- ga1 - vernacular.
Definitions
咳
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 咳嗽 (“to cough”) [map]
Compounds
Pronunciation 2
simp. and trad. |
咳 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 嗨 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: hāi
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hai
- Wade–Giles: hai1
- Yale: hāi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hai
- Palladius: хай (xaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haai1 / hei1
- Yale: hāai / hēi
- Cantonese Pinyin: haai1 / hei1
- Guangdong Romanization: hai1 / héi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːi̯⁵⁵/, /hei̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hai
- Tâi-lô: hai
- Phofsit Daibuun: hay
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hai³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hai⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hai1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hai
- Sinological IPA (key): /hai³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Definitions
咳
- Used to express sorrow, remorse, or surprise.
Compounds
- 咳歌打戰 / 咳歌打战
- 咳聲嘆息 / 咳声叹息
- 咳聲嘆氣 / 咳声叹气
- 咳聲打氣 / 咳声打气
Pronunciation 3
simp. and trad. |
咳 |
---|
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: hái
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hái
- Wade–Giles: hai2
- Yale: hái
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hair
- Palladius: хай (xaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xaɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hoi4
- Yale: hòih
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi4
- Guangdong Romanization: hoi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: hoj
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯː/
Definitions
咳
- (of infant) to laugh; to cackle
- alternative form of 孩 (hái, “child; infant”)
- interjection for sighing or order
- alternative form of 閡 / 阂 (“to be cut off from”)
Pronunciation 4
simp. and trad. |
咳 |
---|
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kak1
- Yale: kāk
- Cantonese Pinyin: kak7
- Guangdong Romanization: keg1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
咳
Japanese
Kanji
咳
Readings
- Go-on: がい (gai)、け (ke)、げ (ge)
- Kan-on: かい (kai)
- Kan’yō-on: がい (gai)
- Kun: せく (seku, 咳く)、せき (seki, 咳)、しわぶく (shiwabuku, 咳く)、しわぶき (shiwabuki, 咳)
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
咳 |
せき Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
From the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb せく (“to cough”).[1] Cognate with 堰 (seki, “dam”).[2][3][4]
Pronunciation
Noun
咳 • (seki)
- a cough
- 咳が出る ― seki ga deru ― I have a cough.
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
咳 • (hae) (hangeul 해)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Tày
Particle
咳 (hợi, ới)
- Nôm form of hợi.
- 勸𪫆对珠斋咳𱻰
- Khuyên mừa đuổi chua tai hợi nhỉ
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Nôm form of ới.
- 各𫰇咳各娘
- Các noọng ới các nàng
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Verb
咳 (cài)
- Nôm form of cài (“to spit out”).
- 𥃸欣𮓳𱐍槣𢫕芭
𲄝烺咟咳䋡删㹰- Tha hăn mọn giú ký vẻng bâư
Đang lương pác gài giầư san quéng - The silkworm was seen done with [eating] leaves on the shelves,
Its body yellow and its mouth spitting out silk to build a cocoon
- Tha hăn mọn giú ký vẻng bâư
References
- Dương Nhật Thanh, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][1] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]
Vietnamese
Han character
咳: Hán Nôm readings: cay, hãy, hỡi, khái, gay, gây
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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