嚴肅

See also: 严肃 and 厳粛

Chinese

		(air or water) tight; stern; serious (air or water) tight; stern; serious; strict; severe	Gansu; respectful
trad. (嚴肅)		嚴	肅
simp. (严肃)		严	肃

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yánsù

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁴ suk¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngiàm-siuk / ngiàm-siu̍k

(Hailu, HRS): ngiam siug
Eastern Min (BUC): ngièng-sé̤ṳk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): giâm-sok / giâm-siok

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam⁵ sog⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gni-soq₇

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yánsù
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yánsù
  - Wade–Giles: yen²-su⁴
  - Yale: yán-sù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yansuh
  - Palladius: яньсу (janʹsu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵ su⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim⁴ suk¹
  - Yale: yìhm sūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴ suk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁴ sug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹ sʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàm-siuk / ngiàm-siu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiam^ˇ xiug^ˋ / ngiam^ˇ xiug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam² xiug⁵ / ngiam² xiug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am¹¹ si̯uk̚²/, /ŋi̯am¹¹ si̯uk̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiam siug
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋiam⁵⁵ siuk⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièng-sé̤ṳk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(s-)nøyʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm-sok
  - Tâi-lô: giâm-sok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giamsog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiam²⁴⁻²² sɔk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm-siok
  - Tâi-lô: giâm-siok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giamsiog
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiam²⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³⁻²² siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngiam⁵ sog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâm sok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sok̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gni-soq₇
  - MiniDict: nyi^去 soh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyi-soq₄
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²² soʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: ngjaem sjuwk

Rime
Character	嚴	肅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	嚴 (145)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	語𩏩切	息逐切
Baxter	ngjaem	sjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐm/	/sɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐm/	/siuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐm/	/siuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨam/	/suwk̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiɐm/	/siuk̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐm/	/sĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐm/	/si̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán	su
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁴	suk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ(r)am siwk/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋam sɯwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嚴	肅
Reading #	1/1	1/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán	sù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjæm ›	‹ sjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)am/	/*siwk/
English	stern, majestic	solemn, severe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嚴	肅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3692	12125
Phonetic component	敢	肅
Rime group	談	覺
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	嚴	肅
Old Chinese	/*ŋam/	/*sɯwɢ/

Adjective

嚴肅

solemn; stately; serious
特區應嚴肅處理公務員違規事件。 [MSC, trad.]
特区应严肃处理公务员违规事件。 [MSC, simp.]
Tèqū yīng yánsù chǔlǐ gōngwùyuán wéiguī shìjiàn. [Pinyin]
Special administrative regions should seriously punish civil servants who violate regulations.
earnest; serious